为探究破岩和支护工程中较为常见的软硬介质组合岩体的冲击动力学特性，采用普氏系数差别较大的花岗岩和砂岩拼接成软硬介质和单介质组合岩体，利用分离式霍普金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB）试验系统，分别对组合岩体进行冲击压缩试验，对比分析应力波入软硬介质和单介质组合岩体的波动特性、峰值强度以及利用高速相机记录组合岩体裂纹扩展形态。通过离散格子弹簧法（discrete lattice spring method,DLSM）数值模拟进行全方位的反演分析，研究软硬介质组合岩体胶结面两侧岩石的应力时程曲线变化规律，并利用“软硬组合系数”表征软硬介质组合岩体损伤演化规律。研究结果表明：组合岩体的波动特性具有明显的波阻抗效应，组合体和入射杆波阻抗匹配效果越好，反射波幅值越小，透射波幅值越大。相同冲击速度下，软硬介质组合岩体的峰值强度与单介质软岩组合体的峰值强度较为接近；软硬介质组合岩体和单介质组合岩体破坏程度和破坏形式明显不同：软硬介质组合岩体裂纹首先出现在远离胶结面的砂岩端部，而单介质组合岩体裂纹首先出现在胶结面处。单介质组合岩体以剪切破坏为主，局部张拉破坏为辅，破坏较为彻底。软硬介质组合岩体中较软的砂岩发生剪切破坏，而较硬的花岗岩没有明显破坏。软硬介质组合岩体胶结面两侧岩石应力随着时间变化呈现上升-下降-上升-下降的反复现象。而单介质组合岩体胶结面两侧岩石在到达应力峰值后，随即应力开始下降，未出现应力反复现象。软硬介质组合岩体的损伤度D与软硬组合系数γ呈二次函数关系：D=-0.21γ2+0.69γ+0.06。
Abstract
In order to explore the impact dynamic characteristics of soft and hard media composite rock mass, which is common in rock breaking and supporting engineering, granite and sandstone with large difference in protodeacon coefficient are used to splice into soft and hard media and single media composite rock mass. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system is used to carry out the impact compression test of composite rock mass, respectively. The fluctuation characteristics, peak strength of stress wave into soft and hard media and single media composite rock mass are compared and analyzed, and the crack propagation morphology of composite rock mass is recorded by high-speed camera. Through the numerical simulation of discrete lattice spring method (DLSM), a comprehensive inversion analysis is carried out to study the variation law of stress time history curve of rock on both sides of cemented surface of soft and hard medium composite rock mass, and the ' soft and hard combination coefficient ' is used to characterize the damage evolution law of soft and hard medium composite rock mass. The results show that the wave characteristics of composite rock mass have obvious wave impedance effect. The better the wave impedance matching effect between composite rock mass and incident rod, the smaller the amplitude of reflected wave and the larger the amplitude of transmitted wave. At the same impact velocity, the peak strength of soft-hard rock mass is close to that of single medium soft rock mass. The failure degree and failure mode of soft-hard medium composite rock mass are obviously different from that of single medium composite rock mass. The crack of soft-hard medium composite rock mass first occurs at the end of sandstone far from the cementation surface, while the crack of single medium composite rock mass first occurs at the cementation surface. The single medium composite rock mass is mainly shear failure, supplemented by local tensile failure, and the failure is more complete. The soft sandstone in the soft-hard rock mass has shear failure, while the hard granite has no obvious damage. The rock stress on both sides of the cementation surface of the soft-hard medium combination rock mass presents a repeated phenomenon of rise-decrease-rise-decrease with time. The stress of the rock on both sides of the cemented surface of the single medium composite rock mass begins to decrease after reaching the peak stress, and there is no stress recurrence. The damage degree D of rock mass composed of soft and hard media is quadratically related to the coefficient γ of soft and hard media: D=-0.85γ2+2.80γ.
关键词
组合岩体 /
分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB） /
离散格子弹簧法（DLSM） /
裂纹扩展
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Key words
Composite rock mass /
SHPB /
DLSM /
Crack propagation
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