Dampers with large flow play significant role in prolonging lifespan and improving environmental performance of hydraulic piling hammer. Considering temperature change, combining with thermodynamic and hydrodynamic theory, a dynamic mathematical model is developed based on the structure and working principle of the damper for hydraulic piling hammer with large flow. Through simulation analysis for the model utilizing simulink, relationships between damper performance and orifice diameter, damper internal diameter and maximum set pressure of relief valve are obtained, which provides theoretical basis for design and optimization of the damper for hydraulic piling hammer with large flow.