XI Xulong1, 2, 3, 4, LIU Xiaochuan1, 2, 3, BAI Chunyu1, 2, 3, HAN Hezhao1, 2, 3, LI Xiaocheng1, 2, 3, ZHANG Xinyue1, 2, 3, XUE Pu4, MU Rangke1, 2, 3
Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2025, 44(18): 1-15.
The crashworthiness of an aircraft is not only affected by its own structural design, but also closely related to the crash speed, the landing attitude, and the runway environment.The full-scale structure of a typical civil aircraft was taken as the study object, and a full-scale aircraft crash dynamics model, was established, which was then validated by the experimental data from the literature.Numerical simulations of crashes under different impact speeds, pitch angles, roll angles, and runway environment factors were further conducted to explore the influences of different factors on the aircraft crash response.The results show that as the impact speed increases, the initial peak of the crash load on the lower part of the fuselage and the platform load gradually increase, and the area of deformation of the fuselage gradually increases.With the increase of the pitch angle, the waveform of the crash load changes significantly, the load peak decreases significantly, the peak acceleration of the floor gradually decreases, the acceleration of the mid-fuselage structure is more sensitive to the change of the pitch angle, and the impact speed of the local fuselage structure of the aircraft is significantly affected by the aircraft pitch angle.Under the condition that the overall vertical impact speed of the aircraft remains unchanged, the greater the pitch angle, the greater the impact speed of the front fuselage section, and the overall non-linear increase trend from the nose to the rear fuselage is presented.The roll angle has little effect on the aircraft’s crash load and the acceleration peak of the wing, but has a significant effect on the acceleration peak of the fuselage floor.The deformation on the side of the fuselage bottom at the near roll direction increases, and a new plastic hinge is produced.Compared with the rigid runway, when crashing on the clay runway, the vertical impact load peak of the aircraft decreases, and the heading impact load peak increases significantly.The aircraft crashes on the clay runway and produces a gully-like deformation.The shape of the gully and the deformation expansion process under different pitch angles are significantly different.The deformation of the fuselage and the peak acceleration of the floor are smaller when crashing on the clay runway, and the risk to the safety of the passengers is smaller than that on the rigid runway.
