15 May 2026, Volume 45 Issue 9
    

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    VIBRATION THEORY AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
  • Research on vibration characteristics of ACLD structures with delamination/interface damage based on effective stiffness reduction method
    HUANG Zhicheng1, FENG Quanchang1, WANG Xingguo1, CHU Fulei2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 1-11.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This article focuses on the orthogonal symmetrical laying of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) layered/interface damage structures with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers.Through the combination of effective stiffness reduction method and finite element method, the damage evolution law and vibration characteristics were systematically studied.Based on the first-order shear deformation principle and strain equivalence principle, a nonlinear vibration equation considering interface shear slip and potential discontinuity was constructed.Orthogonal anisotropic damage variables were introduced to describe the stiffness degradation within the layer.The global-local method and representative volume element model were used to establish analytical relationships between crack opening displacement, crack density, and layer length, achieving accurate solution of the effective stiffness of the damaged layer.The predicted results have an error of less than 1.5% compared to finite element simulation, which is significantly better than traditional models (stiffness estimation deviation of 12.0%-18.0%).The carbon fiber/epoxy resin (CF/EP) system is most sensitive to damage due to anisotropy, with a reduction in the fundamental frequency of free vibration of up to 12.7%; the aramid fiber/epoxy resin system exhibits better stability, with a fundamental frequency fluctuation of only 0.029; the bending stiffness parameter C11 decays exponentially with crack density.When the delamination length increases to 0.6t90, the attenuation rate of the CF/EP system increases by 32.0% compared to the non-delamination condition.This study provides theoretical support for the mechanical behavior analysis of piezoelectric intelligent laminated structures with damage.
  • Mechanical analysis of buried pipeline with bellow joints under strike-slip fault movements using VFIFE fiber beam elements
    LI Zhenmian1, 2, PANG Xinfeng3, QI Xiaoliang4, ZHOU Zhiyuan2, LIN Jiacheng2, YU Yang2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 12-22.
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    Long-distance pipelines frequently cross seismic fault zone.Fault displacement easily causes pipeline fracture, deformation, and leakage, further leading to disasters such as energy interruption, fire, and explosion.Based on the vector form intrinsic finite element（VFIFE） elastoplastic fiber beam element and bellows joint equivalent method, this study establishes and validates a mechanical model for cross-fault buried pipelines-incorporating joint mechanical details, pipeline geometric-material-boundary nonlinearity, and nonlinear pipe-soil interaction.The mechanical responses of continuous pipelines and those with bellows joints were compared, and the effects of crossing angle, installation spacing, and joint number were discussed.Results show that pipelines with bellows joints have a deformation mode similar to continuous pipelines, with lower strain in segments but strain concentration in bellows joints (the core weak link in design); under small fault displacements, the maximum joint strain in case A is higher than that in case B, while the reverse applies to large displacements; additionally, large crossing angles reduce the fault displacement at which the two cases reach equal maximum strain; large joint installation spacing leads to minimal bending deformation and dominant axial strain (unfavorable for strain concentration control); increasing joint number enhances structural flexibility and lowers strain in both pipeline segments and bellows joints, but excess joints diminish this effect and raise installation/operation-maintenance costs.
  • Experimental and numerical study on the structural responses of plate frame structure under impact loads
    KANG Weixin1, LI Zhengjie2, LIU Kun1, LU Yue1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 23-32.
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    板架结构； 落锤冲击试验； 数值仿真； 参数敏感性分析； 抗冲击性能
  • Coupling dynamic analysis and vibration suppression of single-axis servo feed system and thin plate workpiece
    ZHANG Guangze1, LIU Yanqiang1, 2, DENG Liangyuan1, PENG Chong2, DENG Yu3, DAI Yuhong3, GENG Zunmin1, 2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 33-43.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To address machining accuracy degradation caused by coupling vibration between the servo feed system and thin-plate workpieces, a vibration suppression scheme is proposed. First, an electromechanical co-simulation model is built and experimentally verified to ensure its reliability. Second, using a feed platform, the Landau discrete-time algorithm is applied to identify the system's rotational inertia, and the identification error is about 1.97%. Speed loop PI parameters are optimized to enhance dynamic response. Then three trajectory commands are designed. Among them, the fifth-order polynomial shows optimal time-domain smoothness via simulation and experiment. Finally, a multi-frequency notch filter for the thin plate's natural frequency is developed. It is integrated discretely on TwinCAT 3 via zero-pole matching. Sweep frequency tests show most resonance amplitudes decrease after filtering, with the third-order modal amplitude reduced by 72.4%, effectively weakening the vibration intensity of the thin plate. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of coupling vibration is verified through the amplitude - frequency characteristic curves at different positions and under different loads.
  • Real-time control method for coordination of compound actions of fully electrically controlled positive flow excavator under variable load conditions
    YAO Chaoyang1, XI Yi1, GAO Guoqiang1, LINGHU Zhao2, HU Changyu2, LIU Chaofu2, YANG Shuyi1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 44-51.
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    Focus is placed on the poor coordination of compound actions of fully electrically controlled positive flow excavators under variable load conditions. First, the pressure-flow equations of the main valve ports of the boom and stick circuits are established, and the desired flow-through areas of the main valve ports under different flow rates and pressure differences are calculated. Then, the control current of the stick main valve and its priority quantity are inversely derived based on the desired flow-through area. Next, the influence laws of load pressure and flow on the priority quantity in working conditions with and without flow regeneration are studied using the established mathematical model. Finally, after validating the AMESim-Motion co- simulation model through experiments, the co-simulation technology is employed to verify the compound action coordinated control method. A comparative analysis is made between the traditional method of using a single fixed K value for excavators and the method of dynamically adjusting the K value according to the load in this study. The results show that the load significantly affects the flow distribution of the two circuits, and reasonable adjustment of the priority quantity can effectively enhance the coordination of compound actions. Compared with the traditional method of giving a fixed maximum priority quantity K value, the method proposed in this study, which adjusts the maximum priority quantity K value based on load changes, demonstrates excellent control effects. The average relative error is controlled below 14%, and it is reduced by 6%-49% compared with the traditional static K value, providing a theoretical basis for the optimal design of excavator hydraulic systems.
  • Stochastic dynamic behavior analysis of galloping energy harvesting system
    DI Zhilong1, HE Meijuan1, 2, JIA Wantao3
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 52-61.
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    In practical environments, the simultaneous presence of base excitation and crosswind is very common. Firstly, the random averaging method based on energy envelopes is adopted to derive the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation for the system's total energy, thereby obtaining the analytical solution for the edge probability density function of displacement. Secondly, the influence laws of colored noise and incoming wind speed on the edge probability density function of displacement are deeply analyzed, and the analytical results are effectively validated through the Monte Carlo numerical simulation method. Furthermore, a periodic signal is introduced into the system. The stochastic resonance phenomenon under the combined action of Gaussian colored noise and the periodic signal is characterized by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Concurrently, numerical methods are employed to calculate the statistical complexity, the system's mean square voltage, and the effective output power. The research results significantly indicate that: the intensity of colored noise and the wind speed promote inter-well transitions of the oscillator, while the correlation time of colored noise and the damping ratio suppress inter-well transition behavior; the non-monotonic variation of the SNR curve confirms the occurrence of stochastic resonance in the system; the correlation time of colored noise, the intensity of multiplicative colored noise, and the wind speed can enhance the stochastic resonance behavior, whereas the intensity of additive colored noise will weaken it. Additionally, it was discovered during the research that selecting an optimal combination of parameters is necessary to maximize the system's energy harvesting performance. The trends of the mean square voltage and effective output power with respect to parameter variations are highly consistent with the evolution law of the SNR. Moreover, when stochastic resonance occurs, the energy harvesting efficiency of the system is also enhanced. This study provides a theoretical basis for the performance analysis and optimal design of energy harvesting systems in complex environments.
  • Performance-oriented experimental study on the multi-stage evolution of mechanical states in laminated-rubber bearing
    CUI Haomeng1, SHAO Changjiang1, 2, LIU Yuanlong1, YI Xuanting1, LI Zhenxin3, 4, LI Yan3, WANG Chunyang1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 62-68.
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    The mechanical behavior of laminated-rubber bearings under extreme earthquakes is complex, with its nonlinear response being significantly influenced by the coupled effects of vertical compressive stress and loading rate. To reveal its multi-stage evolution mechanism, monotonic loading tests under various combined loading conditions were conducted on standard ordinary rubber bearings. Key mechanical properties were systematically evaluated through analysis of the force-displacement curves and deformation states of the bearings. The results indicated that the mechanical state of the bearings sequentially undergoes three distinct stages: elastic shear, rollover buckling, and sliding friction. The shear performance was found to exhibit significant nonlinearity, with a negative correlation observed between shear stiffness and compressive stress. A critical compressive stress of approximately 10 MPa was identified, marking a transition in the dominant mechanical mechanism. Severe stick-slip oscillations were observed during the sliding-friction process. High compressive stress and high loading rates were shown to lead to a sharp increase in sliding force, while the stable friction coefficient was found to decrease drastically due to the frictional thermal softening effect. The hysteretic energy dissipation capacity was determined to depend on the competition between the shear and sliding mechanisms, with anomalously high equivalent damping ratios being associated with degradation in load-bearing capacity. The intrinsic laws and critical phenomena of the multi-stage evolution of the mechanical states for the bearings were elucidated, providing key experimental evidence for the development of refined constitutive models and the advancement of performance-based seismic design for bridges. 
  • Research on the dynamic response of large semi-submersible wind turbine structures under collision loads considering the effects of fluid-structure interaction
    LI Yanchao1, 2, HOU Hongbo3, ZHANG Yichi1, 2, 4, XUE Hongxiang1, 2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 69-79.
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    During the operational period of large floating wind turbines, the risk of collisions with vessels cannot be ignored. An innovative secondary development of the LS-DYNA subroutine was used to establish a structure-hydro-mooring coupled numerical model. Numerical calculations were then performed for a 15 MW semi-submersible wind turbine in a shutdown state struck by a large maintenance vessel. This study investigates the energy dissipation and time-varying patterns of collision loads at various speeds and angles, as well as analysing the global dynamic response characteristics in the medium to long term. It was shown that, as the speed increased from 2 m/s to 4 m/s, the peak collision force increased by 54.5%, nacelle acceleration by 76.9%, and maximum penetration depth by 156.8%. As the collision angle increased from 0° to 90°, the maximum penetration depth decreased by 21.1%, and the proportion of internal energy decreased by 22.2%. Head-on collisions at higher speeds are more dangerous.
  • Quantitative representation of minimum acquisition mileage for load spectrum based on Bayesian theory
    ZHENG Guofeng1, YU Yongtao1, DUAN Yilong1, LIAO Yunlai1, SU Hang2, HONG Hao2, WANG Huan2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 80-92.
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    To provide a quantifiable basis for high-confidence load spectrum acquisition, this study proposes a method for calculating the minimum acquisition mileage that integrates Bayesian Theory and stratified sampling by speed intervals. First, a sample size calculation process considering driving speed is proposed. The speed is first divided into equidistant intervals, and the optimal speed intervals are determined by combining the Calinski-Harabasz index and elbow method. Then, stratified sampling is conducted based on the characteristic parameters of APSD. The two-parameter Weibull distribution is fitted using the maximum likelihood estimation method, and the goodness of fit is verified via quantile relative error. Finally, the distribution parameters and required sample size for each speed interval are obtained. Second, a minimum sample size calculation model based on Bayesian Theory is constructed. Taking the posterior variance of the Weibull distribution scale parameter as the risk measurement index, the analytical expression for the minimum sample size of each speed interval is derived, and then the minimum acquisition mileage is solved. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, actual vehicle load spectrum acquisition and verification tests were carried out under three typical working conditions: urban, mountainous, and highway. The results show that the minimum acquisition mileage decreases with the increase of the allowable maximum risk; among the three working conditions, the minimum acquisition mileage is the largest for mountainous roads and the smallest for highway roads. Supported by the framework of actual vehicle data covering stratified sampling, parameter fitting, and sample size quantification, the proposed method effectively ensures the model’s accuracy and robustness. It not only improves the confidence of the acquired load spectrum but also reduces test costs, thus possessing good engineering applicability and promotion value.
  • Characterization of the material-energy co-evolution at the interface of high energy-efficient milling cutters
    JIANG Bin, LI Shihang, ZHAO Peiyi, SONG Yufeng
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 93-107.
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    The tool-workpiece interface in high-efficiency milling is the region where material and energy exchanges. Influenced by cutter tooth errors and milling vibration, the instantaneous cutting posture offset directly affect the instantaneous cutting contact relationship between the tool and workpiece, this results in the disorder and uncertainty in the material and energy flow at the tool-workpiece interface. Based on a developed computational model for instantaneous cutting posture under vibration and cutter tooth errors, an instantaneous cutter tooth cutting posture deviation matrix and cutting edge equation are proposed. The instantaneous status of the tool-workpiece interface and the material and energy forms, paths, and flow structures in milling process are investigated, a method for determining the material and energy flow parameters are proposed. Information entropy and synergy degree are used to characterize the co-evolution of material and energy at the tool-workpiece interface, and a method for evaluating the orderliness of material and energy flow in high-efficiency milling is proposed and verified. The results showed that, using the proposed models and methods, the milling vibration and cutting posture could be adjusted by changing cutting parameters and cutter tooth errors, the potential synergy degree and orderliness of the material and energy flow could also be controlled, the cutting efficiency and the consistency of machined surface quality could thus be improved.
  • Research on the detection method of flat end mill wear condition based on GAF-RepLKNet
    WANG Jingshu, PAN Xinghe, WANG Qingfeng, MA Jinghua
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 108-114.
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    To enhance the quality and efficiency of milling processes, real-time detection of tool wear conditions is crucial. Vibration signals during milling are often used for tool wear condition monitoring. However, extracting effective features from vibration signals and establishing a high-accuracy method for detecting tool wear conditions remain key research focuses. In this paper, the Gramian Field (GAF) is employed to transform one-dimensional vibration signals into higher-dimensional representations, improving the expressive capability of vibration signals. Subsequently, the Re-parameterized Large Kernel Network (RepLKNet) is utilized to automatically capture and extract features from GAF images, establishing a mapping relationship between these features and tool wear conditions. Finally, milling experiments and comparative tests are conducted to validate the new model. The validation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a recognition accuracy of 98.5% for different milling tool wear conditions. Compared with the traditional 2D-CNN model and the RepLKNet model that uses one-dimensional signals inputs, this new approach is better in terms of both accuracy and reliability.
  • Design of bird-beak-shaped energy-absorbing structure with negative Poisson’s ratio for automotive seats
    XIONG Min, LU Changlong, DING Xiaohong, ZHANG Heng
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 115-125.
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    To address the issue of enormous impact loads on automotive seats during collisions, a bird-beak-shaped negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing structure was designed based on a topology optimization method. Structural flexibility was taken as the primary objective, with negative Poisson's ratio constraints imposed on two sets of evaluation points. In addition, a maximum displacement constraint was introduced to prevent excessive structural softening, resulting in a negative Poisson's ratio cellular configuration. This configuration resembled the biomimetic features of a woodpecker’s beak in morphology despite originating from a different design pathway, and both exhibited consistent high energy absorption characteristics in their mechanical response mechanisms. By periodically arranging the cells, a bird-beak-shaped metamaterial structure was constructed, and the accuracy of its finite element model was validated through quasi-static compression experiments. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate its deformation patterns, negative Poisson's ratio effects, and energy absorption characteristics under in-plane impact loads. The results show that the designed metamaterial exhibits excellent energy absorption characteristics at different impact speeds, with the most prominent performance observed at medium speeds; Performance comparisons with honeycomb-like biomimetic structures and double-arrow and concave hexagonal negative Poisson's ratio structures also demonstrate superior energy absorption; The influence of unit cell size on energy absorption was also analyzed to determine optimal filling dimensions; When applied to seat angle adjuster connection plates, frontal collision simulations indicate that the redesigned structure increases internal energy absorption by approximately 18.8% while reducing weight by about 6.1% without compromising safety. This study provides design concepts and a practical basis for the engineering application of negative Poisson's ratio metamaterials in automotive structures.
  • Spurious mode rejection via multi-criteria fusion in stochastic subspace identification
    SUN Wei, ZHAO Shihao, JING Wenlong, LU Haifeng, CHU Zhigang
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 126-136.
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    Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) enables comprehensive modal parameter identification, with advantages of direct time-domain processing avoiding spectral leakage and windowing errors and convenient mode order determination via stabilization diagrams, but is prone to spurious mode interference. A multi-criteria fusion method for SSI spurious mode elimination is proposed: 1) Preprocess response data with spectral kurtosis and Ramanujan subspace projection(RSP) to remove periodic components; 2) Use SSI to identify modal parameters of RSP-based preprocessed and raw data, and stabilization diagrams for preliminary spurious mode elimination; 3) Match same-order poles in the two stabilization diagrams, calculate Modal Similarity Index (MSI) and further eliminate spurious modes via MSI differences between physical and spurious poles. The proposed method employs Ramanujan subspace projection to remove target periodic components while preserving other modes, thereby preventing the erroneous elimination of physical modes that are adjacent to or overlapping with harmonics. Its effectiveness is verified by a 5 DOF spring-mass-damper numerical example, operational modal tests on a steel beam and brake disc.
  • Vibration transfer analysis of parallel spatial piping system based on FEM-PFM
    LIU Baofan1, 2, SUN Wei1, 2, L Shang1, 2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 137-145.
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    Vibration will be transmitted along the aeroengine pipeline under external excitation. Obtaining the vibration transmission laws of the aeroengine pipeline is helpful to guide the pipeline dynamics design and improve the vibration resistance of the pipeline system. Taking parallel spatial pipelines as an example, a method for visualizing vibration transfer at the unit level is proposed by combining the power flow method and the finite element method. Rich energy transfer behaviors are discovered and the vibration transfer mechanism is revealed from the perspective of modal. Then ANSYS is secondary developed to enable it to have power flow analysis and vibration transfer visualization functions. Based on the finite element modeling of the pipe body using beam elements, the methods to simulate the mass and rigidity of pipe joints, single clamps and dual clamps are given in detail, and finally a finite element model of parallel spatial pipes is formed that is convenient for subsequent vibration transfer analysis. Furthermore, the method of calculating node power flow and vibration transfer direction based on ANSYS platform is described, and the process for realizing vibration transfer visualization is given. Finally, a case study is carried out, and the experimental system is used to verify the rationality of the created parallel spatial pipeline. On this basis, the vibration transfer laws of the parallel pipeline system under the second-order resonance state are analyzed. The results show that there may be sudden changes in the power flow near the bending area of the spatial pipeline, the support area of single and double clamps, which may change the direction of vibration transmission. The extreme area of modal displacement and modal stress of the system may be the vibration source or the vibration sink.
    • CIVIL ENGINEERING
  • Aerodynamic interference effects on vertical vortex-induced vibration of three parallel box girders
    YANG Xu1, 2, XU Changze1, 3, MA Cunming1, 2, ZHENG Shixiong1, YANG Han1, 2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 146-152.
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    Aerodynamic interference effects between parallel bridges can influence the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of the main girder. Based on a parallel bridge project, a combination of wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations was employed to investigate the VIV responses of parallel box girder sections and the mechanisms of aerodynamic interference effect. The results show that the isolated streamlined box girder exhibits a pronounced vertical VIV at an angle of attack of +3°. When positioned upstream of the bluff box girders, the maximum dimensionless amplitude increases to 0.132 at +3°, approximately 83% higher than that of the isolated case, whereas it is completely suppressed when placed downstream. For the upstream condition, the blockage of the downstream flow by the bluff box girders significantly enlarges the scale of the separated vortices on the surface of the streamlined box girder, thereby amplifying its vibration response. In contrast, under the downstream condition, the wake of the bluff box girders disrupts the regular vortex-shedding process on the surface of the streamlined box girder, leading to the suppression of its VIV. In addition, optimizing the shape of the wind fairing can effectively inhibit the formation of dominant vortices and fundamentally control the VIV of the main girder. The findings of this study provide reference for the design and VIV control of similar parallel bridges.
  • Study on the influence of group stiffness of connectors on the aerostatic and aerodynamic performance of suspension bridges during construction
    LI Cuijuan1, HE Yanbin1, WEI Leyong2, SHI Qiang1, YAN Zhifa2, SHI Yonglong3, FENG Wenhao1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 153-162.
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    To maximize the wind-resistant performance of a suspension bridge during the construction period and the refinement level of wind-resistant analysis, as well as to provide a theoretical basis for the design of the temporary connector group of a stiffening girder, a suspension bridge with a main span of 2300 m was taken as the engineering background in this study. Firstly, the influence laws of the stiffness of the connector group on the structural dynamic characteristics, flutter stability, and aerostatic stability during the construction period were analyzed. Based on these laws, the stiffness design objectives and criteria of the connector group were determined. Subsequently, a stiffness design method for the connector group with optimal wind-resistant performance was proposed in accordance with the theoretical calculation formula of the torsional moment of inertia of the connector group, which was derived based on the constrained torsion theory and force method.The research results indicate that the stiffness of the connector group has almost no influence on the vertical bending fundamental frequency of the structure, but exerts a significant and consistent effect on the torsional fundamental frequency, flutter critical wind speed, and aerostatic wind instability critical wind speed. When the inherent stiffness of the connector group is low, increasing its stiffness can significantly enhance the structural torsional fundamental frequency, flutter critical wind speed, and aerostatic wind instability critical wind speed; however, the enhancement efficiency gradually diminishes with the increase of its inherent stiffness. From the perspective of optimizing structural wind-resistant performance, it is advisable to take the torsional moment of inertia as the core control index for the design of the connector group, and its value should not be less than 8% of the torsional moment of inertia of the stiffening girder. The optimal design of the stiffness of the connector group can be achieved through strategies such as selecting a tension rod with a smaller effective length and a larger diameter, and prioritizing its arrangement at a position away from the section centroid.
  • Microwave-based condition monitoring and feature extraction method for large bridge structures
    WU Shuoyang1, Siriguleng2, XIONG Yuyong1, HUI Yingxin3, FAN Zhenhua4, TIAN Wendi1, SUN Fengcheng5, PENG Zhike1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 163-171.
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    The state monitoring and feature extraction of large-scale bridge structures are of great significance for the health operation and maintenance as well as risk prevention and control of bridges. However, the existing technologies such as contact sensor networking have certain limitations in terms of measurement accuracy, efficiency and cost. Therefore, this paper studies the vibration displacement state monitoring and feature extraction methods of large-scale bridge structures based on the new microwave sensing vibration measurement technology. Firstly, the hardware system structure of microwave vibration measurement and the principle of full-field vibration displacement measurement are expounded. Secondly, the vibration signals of the bridge are decomposed, and the temperature trend and dynamic load influence line are extracted in segments. The calculation and extraction criteria and methods of dynamic impact coefficient and frequency are proposed. Finally, the accuracy verification and full-field multi-target test experiments of the microwave sensing method are carried out, which verify that its accuracy can meet the requirements of bridge testing, providing a new non-contact measurement technology for the state monitoring and feature extraction of large-scale bridge structures. The dynamic response state monitoring of the bridge was implemented on the Heigou Bridge in Inner Mongolia. The vibration displacement changes and feature extraction results of multiple target measurement points on the bridge body were measured and analyzed, verifying the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
    • SHOCK AND EXPLOSION
  • Damage characteristics and mechanisms of concrete gravity dams subjected topenetration explosion considering different attack positions
    SHU Yizhan1, WANG Gaohui2, LU Wenbo2, CHEN Ming2, YAN Peng2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 172-182.
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    To investigate damage characteristics and mechanisms of concrete gravity dams under the impact of penetrating weapon explosions, blast tests of the concrete gravity dam model subjected to penetration explosion were conducted, and a fully coupled numerical model of concrete gravity dam subjected to penetration explosion was established based on the Euler-Lagrange fully coupled algorithm. By comparing the results of numerical simulations with blast tests, the reliability of the numerical model was verified. Based on the results of blast tests and numerical simulations, the damage characteristics and mechanisms of the crest, downstream face, and upstream face of the gravity dam subjected to penetration explosions were explored. The results show that the damage to the concrete gravity dam subjected to penetration explosion is mainly local near the blast source. The usual forms of damage can be divided into upstream blasting funnel, deep internal ellipsoidal explosion, and downstream blasting funnel. The typical damage mechanisms of gravity dams under different penetration explosions include compression-shear, collapse spalling, and tensile cracking.
  • Research on the stress response model of tri-chiral metamaterial with unequal-length ligaments under impact loading
    SU Jilong1, 2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 183-191.
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    The transmission relationship of impact load among internal ligaments of  tri-chiral honeycomb metamaterials with unequal-length ligaments is investigated. Firstly, the in-plane Young's modulus of the tri-chiral honeycomb structure with ligaments of unequal lengths is determined using classical beam deformation theory. On this basis, a quantitative relationship model between the impact load and the stress on the internal ligaments during the initial stage of impact is established based on micropolar theory. An analytical expression for the transmission of impact load among the internal ligaments is derived, thereby revealing the response mechanism of stress on the internal ligaments induced by impact force. The results indicate that the difference in ligament length significantly affect the stress response. As the impact force increases, the forces at the endpoints of the internal ligaments also increase, with the slope of the endpoint force Fx in the x-direction (the direction of the impact load) showing a steeper increase. Under the same load conditions, the force and bending moment acting on the ligaments in the x-direction of the impact load increase with the ligament length factor ξ, while the force experienced by the ligaments in the y-direction (perpendicular to the load) first decreases and then increases, with a threshold length factor ξ0 value. As the ligament thickness t increases, the internal stress σ will decrease. Finally, finite element numerical simulations are employed to verify the reliability and applicability of the theoretical model. The research findings provide a reference for the active structural design and further study of the impact resistance performance of honeycomb metamaterials with ligaments of unequal lengths.
  • Blasting vibration characteristics of intact hard rock underground caverns
    CHEN Ming1, CHENG Hao1, LIU Yuanfeng2, ZHANG Jiatuo2, ZHANG Peng3, LU Wenbo1, ZHAO Fengze1, YAN Peng1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 192-201.
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    Blasting vibration is an important evaluation index for the construction safety of underground caverns, and no relevant research on blasting vibration characteristics of intact hard rock underground caverns has been studied yet. In this paper, blasting tests and vibration tracking monitoring were carried out in the intact hard rock underground powerhouse at Pingtanyuan Pumped Storage Power Station. The waveform characteristics of measured seismic waves were analyzed, and the polarization analysis method was used to distinguish the components. Furthermore, the propagation laws of the dominant frequency, the peak particle velocity, and the energy were studied. The results indicate that: the measured vibrations exhibit distinct segmental characteristics, with the components being predominantly dominated by P-waves and R-waves, respectively; the vibration has significant high-frequency characteristics, and the apparent dominant frequencies of P-wave in horizontal radial and transverse directions are predominantly above 500 Hz, while those of R-wave are primarily in the range of 250–500Hz; PPVs are notably high, and frequently exceed the existing regulations and specifications in the world. The propagation laws of P- and R-waves are markedly different, and the attenuation parameters of P-wave are significantly large; R-wave is the primary energy carrier within the measured range. The numerical simulations have further validated the reliability of the measured vibration data. The findings can provide an important foundation for the safety assessment and control of blasting vibration in intact hard rock underground caverns. 
    • FAULT DIAGNOSIS ANALYSIS
  • Research on the identification method of internal fatigue damage in tires based on intelligent tire sensor#br#
    HOU Dandan1, 2, XIANG Dabing3, LIU Yangyang4, LIAO Fagen2, CHEN Junjie5, WU Mingyu6
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 202-210.
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    This study proposes an intelligent tire internal fatigue damage identification method that integrates adaptive time window segmentation, dual-mode anomaly detection, and weighted significance evaluation to address the issues of strong time-varying vibration signals and weak damage characteristics that are easily masked by noise during tire damage detection. This method first filters and denoises the three-axis acceleration signals collected by intelligent sensors, and extracts features to effectively suppress the inherent noise and environmental disturbances of the sensors. Introducing an adaptive segmentation algorithm based on time intervals for dynamic window partitioning of continuous data streams significantly improves the accuracy of locating damage occurrence times; Subsequently, a dual-mode anomaly recognition framework integrating extreme point detection and mutation point detection was constructed, and the significance levels of different anomaly patterns were quantified through a differentiated weight allocation strategy; Finally, a weighted statistical fusion mechanism with multiple feature dimensions was established to achieve accurate identification and temporal localization of fatigue damage inside the tire. In addition, to further analyze the contribution mechanism of feature variables to model performance, this study used principal component analysis to evaluate the importance of 11 time-domain features. The results showed that when selecting 6 core features such as mean, margin factor, and pulse factor as model inputs, the accuracy of damage recognition could reach 96.71%, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method and providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the engineering application of tire safety warning systems.
  • Fault diagnosis method of rotating machinery based on meta-ACON adaptive soft-thresholding
    LIU Baoluo, WANG Guoqiang, SHI Nianfeng, WANG Guoyong
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 211-232.
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    To enhance fault diagnosis performance of rotating machinery under noisy and complex industrial environments, this paper proposes an innovative diagnostic method that integrates a soft-thresholding mechanism with the meta-ACON structure. A learnable soft-thresholding mechanism is introduced into meta-ACON for the first time to construct a soft-thresholding meta-ACON (STMA) activation function with the dual capabilities of adaptive thresholding and dynamic nonlinear activation. To enable dynamic adjustment of the parameters, an attention-based meta-learning module, STMA-FilterUnit, is developed to adaptively learn the filtering thresholds, nonlinear activation coefficients, and channel-wise response scaling factors based on input features. On this basis, the STMA-FilterUnit is embedded into a residual depthwise separable convolution structure to construct a residual multi-branch shrinkage convolutional network (STMA-RMSC-Net). The network performs multi-scale feature extraction while applying soft-thresholding shrinkage activation to suppress noise features and enhance and fuse cross-scale features. Extensive experiments on the CWRU bearing dataset and the SEU gearbox dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior diagnostic accuracy and generalization under low signal-to-noise ratios and varying load conditions, validating the effectiveness of STMA in suppressing interference and extracting discriminative features in complex industrial environments.
  • A priori fusion fully interpretable residual neural network transfer learning fault diagnosis model
    ZHANG Zhen1, 2, YANG Shixi1, 3, HE Jun1, 3, ZHOU Wanchun2, LIU Yanxu2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 222-232.
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    To address challenges in bearing fault diagnosis, including difficulties in obtaining actual fault label data, low diagnostic accuracy, and poor interpretability, this study proposes a fully interpretable residual neural network (RNN) transfer learning model with prior fusion. The model first adopts the pre-trained ResNet18 model from the ImageNet dataset as the base framework. It then enhances the base model through three key innovations: a fully interpretable multi-scale wavelet module combining a multi-scale wavelet packet fusion layer and an interpretable dynamic threshold activation layer, a frequency band attention mechanism with prior fusion, and a small sample transfer strategy for adapting the fault diagnosis model across different operating conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves 98.23% diagnostic accuracy, representing a 3.91% improvement over benchmark methods, with significant advantages in noise resistance and interpretability. Post hoc analysis using Grad-CAM visualization and metrics further validates the model's performance. Both experimental data and bench tests confirm the model's effectiveness, with the diagnostic accuracy rate reaching 98.23% and demonstrating 3.91% improvement over comparison methods while maintaining notable advantages in noise resistance and interpretability.
  • Study on bearing damage and lifespan of heavy-haul freight vehicle under wheel damage
    LI Liangxu1, QI Yayun1, ZHENG Yan1, HE Xing1, ZOU Rui1, WANG Wenxi2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 233-241.
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    Accurate prediction of the service life of heavy-haul freight vehicle bearings is crucial for ensuring operational safety and railway efficiency. This study established a rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model of the C80 heavy-haul freight vehicle-track system, along with a bearing dynamics sub-model, incorporating flexible discretization of both the wheels and rail. By integrating the Lundberg-Palmgren and Palmgren-Miner theories, the bearing damage assessment and life prediction were conducted under both dry friction and lubricated conditions. The investigation focused on the evolution of bearing damage accumulation and fatigue life under varying operational speeds, curve radii, wheel flats and wheel diameter differences. Key findings include: Under straight-track conditions, operational speed significantly impacts bearing damage, with damage values induced by speed reaching up to 5.7×10⁻¹⁵ under dry friction, while lubrication effectively mitigates this damage. During curve negotiation, the increased lateral forces caused by smaller curve radius substantially exacerbate bearing damage. Increasing wheel flat length accelerates bearing damage accumulation and shortens service life, with larger wheel flat exhibiting a faster rate of damage increase. Under wheel diameter difference conditions, the damage sustained by bearings differs markedly between lubricated and dry friction states. Increasing wheel diameter difference elevates bearing damage under dry friction from 3.2×10⁻¹² to 6.1×10⁻¹², drastically reducing service life from 1.98 ×109 km to 4.27 ×107 km, whereas lubrication demonstrates a significant mitigating effect. This research provides a foundational basis for predicting bearing damage and service life in heavy-haul freight vehicle.
    • EARTHQUAKE SCIENCE AND STRUCTURE SEISMIC RESILIENCE
  • Experimental study on seismic behavior and skeleton curve model of square steel tube-high-strength stirrups composite confined concrete columns
    WANG Nan1, 2, WANG Xiaguang1, LI Yuequn1, WANG Hailong1, 3, XU Dongyu1, GUO Zhifeng4
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 242-251.
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    To study the seismic performance of square steel tube-high-strength stirrups composite confined concrete columns, four square steel tube-high-strength stirrups composite confined concrete columns and one square steel tube concrete column were tested under low cyclic reversed loading. The failure process,bearing capacity, deformation performance, energy dissipation and strain of steel were studied. The effects of with or without reinforcement, stirrup strength, stirrup form and axial compression ratio on the seismic performance of specimens were analyzed. The results show that all specimens have bending failure, and the steel cage can delay the local buckling of the steel tube. The longitudinal reinforcement, stirrup strength and stirrup form have little effect on the bearing capacity, but the longitudinal reinforcement and high-strength stirrups improve the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the specimens. The ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the specimens with lower axial compression ratio are better. At the peak capacity point, the steel tube and longitudinal reinforcement could yield while the high-strength stirrups have not yet yielded. The high-strength stirrups are in the yield or high stress state at the ultimate displacement. Based on the test results, the formulas to calculate yield point, peak point and ultimate point of skeleton curve were presented, a skeleton curve model was proposed.
  • Study on seismic response characteristics of rubber-sand subgrade with different proportions
    LUO Chao1, 2, HUANG Qiang2, LI Jingjing2, ZHU Mengfan2, WANG Hao1, 2, WANG Shudong1, 2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 252-260.
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    With the increasing number of abandoned rubber tires, utilizing rubber particles to enhance sand roadbeds has become an important method to improve the seismic performance of projects and reuse resources. In this paper, the dynamic responses of rubber-sand subgrade with different mixture ratios under rare earthquakes are compared and analyzed, focusing on the distribution laws of acceleration, relative displacement, equivalent stress, and equivalent strain. The results showed that the rubber content has a significant impact on the relative displacement, equivalent stress, and equivalent strain. The relative displacement and equivalent stress of ordinary roadbed (mixing ratio of 0%) are significantly higher than that of rubber-sand roadbed, and the slope response at the same elevation is greater than that of the interior; the acceleration amplification factor of subgrade is mainly controlled by the ground motion waveform, and the difference between different mixing ratios is small; Significant strain concentration is common in ordinary roadbed. With the increase of rubber content, the peak strain value gradually decreases. When the mixing ratio is 5% and 10%, the strain field becomes uniform. Research has shown that rubber particles can effectively weaken stress and strain concentrations and improve the overall seismic performance of subgrade; slope shoulder and toe areas are sensitive to seismic response and need to be paid special attention in seismic design. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the seismic optimization design of rubber-sand subgrade.
  • Experiment on improving liquefaction resistance of sand by gravel pile under earthquake sequence
    CAO Ziang1, 2, WANG Wei1, 2, ZHAO Ningkang1, 2, GUO Mengyuan1, 2, MIAO Xingyu1, 2, LI Yunsong1, 2, DONG Ruitao1, YANG Shiqi1, WEN Xin1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 261-270.
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    Gravel piles are an important method for mitigating sand liquefaction in engineering sites. Evaluating their anti-liquefaction performance under earthquake sequences is crucial for ensuring the safety of construction projects. To address this, a small-scale shaking table physical model test was conducted to explore the effects of factors such as sand particle gradation and input vibration energy on the effectiveness of gravel pile reinforcement in liquefied soil layers under simulated seismic sequences.The results show that as the burial depth increases, vibration energy decreases, and the content of coarse particles in the liquefied soil increases, the gravel pile's ability to reduce excess pore water pressure (excess pore water pressure ratio) improves. Under strong vibration energy, the deep sand layers in the pile area densify first, with densification gradually transitioning toward the shallower layers. As a result, the gravel pile's anti-liquefaction effect in the surface layers of liquefied sand is relatively low. The excess pore pressure ratio of fine sand in the shallow layers decreases slightly as the number of vibrations increases, requiring multiple cycles of vibration to reach a stable densified state. In contrast, coarse sand rapidly decreases its excess pore pressure ratio and densifies under vibration. High-energy vibrations can lead to re-liquefaction of the sand, but gravel piles, by providing drainage pathways, can effectively suppress re-liquefaction induced by strong seismic events.This study provides valuable insights into evaluating the anti-liquefaction effects of gravel piles in sites subjected to earthquake sequences. Future research could further investigate the influence mechanisms of gravel pile design parameters.
    • ACOUSTIC RESEARCH AND APPLICATION
  • Piezoelectric metastructures for low-frequency vibration and noise control in pipes
    LIU Mingli1, GONG Lingyun2, ZHANG Guanshuo2, ZHANG Huiren1, WANG Xinyang1, GAO Yuwen1, LUO Yu2, LUO Aochen2, CHEN Xingwen3, GAO Penglin2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 271-277.
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    Pipe vibration poses long-term hazards to the safe and reliable operation of production equipment in nuclear power, petrochemical, and related industries. Its radiated noise severely degrades the working environment, potentially leading to human-factor safety incidents. Conventional mitigation approaches, such as dynamic vibration absorbers, damping materials, and sound-absorbing materials, applied as post-treatment measures, often face significant drawbacks including bulky/complex auxiliary devices, poor structural compactness, and insufficient low-frequency vibration and noise reduction performance. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a method for low-frequency vibro-acoustic coupling control based on programmable piezoelectric metastructures (PPM). Piezoelectric patches are periodically arranged and connected to a digitally programmable multi-modal shunt circuit. A coupled vibro-acoustic finite element numerical model of the PPM was established. This model was used to investigate the vibration characteristics of the second and third bending modes and the effectiveness of multi-modal vibro-acoustic coupling control. The study demonstrates that the PPM can simultaneously suppress the resonant responses of these two bending modes, resulting in a corresponding reduction in the radiated sound pressure level from the pipe. For experimental validation, a test system for pipe vibration and noise incorporating the PPM was constructed. Measured results showed vibration and sound pressure level attenuation exceeding 15 dB. This experimentally confirms the multi-modal vibro-acoustic coupling control capability of the PPM. The proposed PPM offers significant advantages, including light weight, structural compactness, and flexible parameter tuning. It provides a valuable method for implementing multi-modal vibro-acoustic coupling control in industrial pipelines within confined spaces, such as those found in nuclear power and petrochemical facilities.
  • Wind tunnel experimental study on the noise characteristics and control of large aircraft slats
    YANG Chenghao1, 2, SONG Yubao1, CAO Qingyuan1, BI Chuanxing2, YIN Xiwei1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 278-290.
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    This study presents a comprehensive experimental investigation on the noise characteristics and control of slats using a 5.5 m × 4.0 m acoustic wind tunnel and a large aircraft semi-model. First, the experimental platform, test model, measurement system and noise reduction structure design are introduced. The noise reduction design covers the typical noise source areas such as slat tracks, leading edges, trailing edges, side edges and cavities. Next, the distribution of acoustic sources under a landing configuration is analyzed based on acoustic source localization results. The influence of freestream velocity and angle of attack on slat noise characteristics is then examined using far-field sound pressure spectra. Finally, the noise reduction performance of six different mitigation schemes is evaluated under various operating conditions. The results show that the slat noise spectrum exhibits a characteristic combination of broadband noise and discrete tonal components. The acoustic signature is highly sensitive to freestream velocity and angle of attack: as the freestream velocity increases, the overall sound pressure level rises, and the dominant tonal frequencies shift toward higher values; increasing the angle of attack induces a non-monotonic variation in tonal peak amplitudes. Among the proposed noise mitigation schemes, the configuration adopting surface perturbations on the outer surface of the slat leading edge performs best, achieving maximum reductions of approximately 2.5 dB in broadband noise, 9 dB in tonal noise, and up to 5 dB in overall sound pressure level.
  • Acoustic and vibration characteristics of a locally resonant stiffened plate structure
    HU Lei1, SUN Yuqi1, FAN Xinlei2, MAO Xiaochen2, SHAO Minqiang3
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(9): 291-298.
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    The stiffened plate structure is widely used in aerospace, mechanical engineering and civil engineering. It has the advantages of high specific strength, simple manufacture and low cost. However, severe sound transmission often occurs near its natural frequency, an attached beam resonator reinforced plate structure suitable for sound insulation design of aircraft cockpit is proposed. Firstly, the finite element model of the structure is established and the sound transmission loss of the structure is obtained. The acoustic and vibration characteristics of the stiffened plate with and without beam-type resonators are analyzed. The relationships between the mode and sound transmission are discussed. The obtained results show that the sound transmission is mainly induced by the asymmetric vibrational mode of the stiffened plate. The transmission characteristics of the structure can be effectively improved when the natural frequency of the resonator corresponds to the asymmetric vibration mode. The sound insulation corresponding to the sound transmission frequency can be increased from 5dB to 68dB. Moreover, the influences of resonator arrangement and damping on the sound insulation characteristics of the structure are revealed. The asymmetric modes of the structure are effectively suppressed by arranging the beam-type resonators diagonally. As the damping coefficient of the resonator increases, the energy dissipation is enhanced and the overall sound insulation performance can be improved.
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