28 July 2026, Volume 45 Issue 14
    

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    FRONTIERS
  • Rapid reconstruction of beam cross-sectional geometry using deep learning with limited modal information
    QIAN Kaikai, GAO Fangqing, HUANG Lei
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 1-13.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The dynamic characteristics of beam structures are strongly constrained by their cross-sectional geometries, while in engineering practice only a limited number of natural frequencies and a few measured mode shapes are usually available.Reconstructing the beam cross-sectional geometry from limited modal information is mathematically an underdetermined and severely ill-posed inverse problem and is sensitive to measurement noise.To address this issue, the problem was reformulated as a statistical inverse-mapping approximation problem and a deep-learning-based end-to-end reconstruction method was proposed for investigating the beam cross-sectional geometry field.A geometric occupancy field was introduced to represent the cross section, and a neural network composed of a fully connected encoder and residual convolutional refinement modules was constructed to directly map modal features to geometry fields, thereby avoiding the high computational cost of traditional iterative inversion.The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method can stably recover the main geometric contours of beam cross sections and achieves inference efficiency on the order of hundreds of milliseconds.The resolution comparison and noise-perturbation tests further verify its accuracy and stability.The proposed method provides an efficient data-driven alternative for structural geometry reconstruction under limited modal information.
    • VIBRATION THEORY AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
  • Peak prediction method of high-speed train hunting motion based on a physics-guided spatiotemporal graph convolutional network
    AN Liangliang1, NING Jing1, 2, ZHANG Bing3, CHEN Chunjun1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 14-23.
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    The hunting motion of high-speed trains during operation seriously affects operational safety and stability, and accurate prediction of the peak lateral acceleration of the bogie frame is of great significance for monitoring the hunting status.To address the problems faced by existing peak prediction methods, such as limited sensor types, the lack of dynamic mechanism constraints and dynamic adaptability in neural network models, and the difficulty in obtaining real-time excitation information like track irregularities affecting prediction accuracy, a prediction method based on a physics-guided spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (PSTGCN) was proposed to achieve the precise prediction of bogie acceleration peaks.The gated recurrent unit (GRU) and temporal attention mechanism were utilized to implicitly extract temporal features such as track irregularity excitation contained in the time-series signals; and by combining the prior knowledge of physical connections between train components with the dynamic data correlations, a dynamic adjacency matrix evolving with the running state was constructed; subsequently, the aforementioned spatiotemporal information was input into a graph convolutional network (GCN) containing residual connections to capture spatial topological dependencies between nodes, realizing the deep spatiotemporal feature fusion of multi-sensor data and precise regression of future bogie acceleration peaks.The verification results based on measured line data and rolling test rig data indicate that the prediction accuracy of the proposed method is superior to other comparison models, demonstrating stronger generalization ability and physical interpretability, and providing an effective intelligent solution for high-speed train hunting motion monitoring.
  • Dynamic characteristics and cable-platform coupling responses of a FOWT catenary mooring under the combined action of wind, wave and current
    LI Shujin1, 2, SONG Yuqing1, ZHAO Yuan1, 2, WANG Ruibo1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 24-35.
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    Recognizing that conventional quasi-static methods neglect environmental loads in the analysis of catenary moorings of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) and failing to directly capture the mechanical properties and dynamic responses of mooring itself, a refined dynamic model of catenary mooring considering the combined action of wind, waves and currents was established to analyze its dynamic characteristics and cable-platform coupling responses.The model was based on the lumped-mass method and improved the algorithms for mooring tension and damping force by substituting the mooring position relationship obtained in the previous time step into the next iterative calculation in strain and strain rate calculations, thereby improving the coherence and computational efficiency of the processing.The Morison equation was used in the model to calculate the wave forces acting on the mooring, and a wake oscillator model was introduced to describe the vortex induced vibration (VIV) of the mooring, while considering the coupling effects between the mooring and the surrounding flow field.Using a Spar-type FOWT as a case study, the established mooring model was utilized to conduct comprehensive analyses of the dynamic responses of the mooring system under combined wind-wave-current excitations and the mooring-platform coupling effects, and the accuracy and easibility of the model were verified.The results show that, compared with traditional quasi-static methods, the mooring model established can not only accurately calculate the restoring force provided by the mooring to the platform, but also obtain the motion status of the mooring in complex marine environments, especially the influence of flow-induced VIV, as well as the coupling with the superstructure of the FOWT.The study provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the mooring system design, parameter research, fatigue analysis and safety assessment.
  • Calculation of anisotropic material parameters and modal frequencies of the stator of a flat wire motor based on the subdomain decomposition method
    SUN Yongning, XIE Ying, CAI Wei, YE Bitian, WANG Wenkai
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 36-44.
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    Modal analysis serves as the foundation for NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) calculations, and the accurate determination of material parameters is crucial for the rapid and precise computation of modal frequencies of the stator system of flat wire motor. For this issue, a computational method for determining the orthotropic material parameters of the stator system based on the subdomain decomposition approach is proposed. Based on the overall shape characteristics of the motor stator system, an equivalent single-layer cylindrical shell theoretical model was introduced, and the stator system was partitioned according to the spatial distribution features of its constituent materials. This approach fully accounts for the influence of winding ends on modal behavior. The equivalent parameters of each partitioned section were calculated using Voigt and Reuss theories for estimating the elastic properties of composite materials. Subsequently, these sections were integrated to obtain the orthotropic material parameters of the entire equivalent cylindrical shell. Based on the above calculation results and the structural parameters of the cylindrical shell, the frequency of any order of mode can be calculated. Finally, the rationality of the proposed method is verified through modal experiments and finite element simulations, providing a reference for avoiding resonance in the early stages of motor design.
  • Method for quantifying temperature effects in concrete based on multi-coda wave interferometry feature decoupling
    XUE Wenqi1, ZHENG Gang2, QIAN Ji1, SONG Linzheng1, CHEN Peng1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 45-54.
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    This paper proposes a Multi-Coda Wave Interferometry (MCWI)-based feature-decoupling method to quantify the influence of temperature on ultrasonic coda waves in concrete. This method decomposes coda waveform variations into three distinct features: phase shift, frequency stretching, and amplitude evolution. These features are extracted in an ordered manner using cross-correlation functions and singular value decomposition. The method also establishes a corresponding inverse transformation process. Ultrasonic tests were conducted on two concrete I-beams under naturally varying temperatures, yielding high signal-to-noise ratio coda wave sequences. Using the proposed method, the feature parameters were extracted, their quantitative relationships with temperature were established, and the temperature effects were analyzed via inverse transformation. Results show that the three feature parameters exhibit approximately linear relationships with temperature, with coefficients of determination all exceeding 0.97. These parameters correspond to the thermoelastic effect on wave velocity, dispersion characteristics, and energy redistribution, respectively. After applying the inverse transformation with the extracted feature parameters, the fluctuation in the coda wave signals was reduced by approximately 90%. This study establishes a Multi-Coda Wave Interferometry analysis framework that integrates feature extraction and inverse transformation. This framework provides a robust approach for mitigating temperature-induced interference in the ultrasonic monitoring of concrete structures under varying thermal conditions.
  • Stepwise stochastic model updating of offshore platforms: methods and experimental validation
    MA Chunke1, ZHANG Zongfeng2, NIE Jiewen1, JIANG Yufeng1, XU Mingqiang1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 55-65.
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    Establishing a finite element model that accurately reflects the structural dynamic response and time-varying characteristics is a prerequisite for structural health monitoring and safety assessment of offshore platforms. To address issues in stochastic model updating for offshore platforms, such as multi-objective conflict, noise sensitivity, and insufficient computational efficiency, this paper proposes a stepwise optimization concept and establishes a novel stochastic model updating strategy. The entire stochastic updating process is divided into two stages: the first stage optimizes the mean and standard deviation of parameters using the Euclidean norm as the objective function to ensure the overlap between the measured and model frequency distributions; the second stage employs the Kullback-Leibler divergence as a single-objective function to correct distribution discrepancies, avoiding interference between multiple objective functions and thereby enhancing the accuracy of variance updating. Taking a jacket platform as the research object, multiple sets of numerical simulation working conditions are designed to systematically analyze the performance of the stepwise method, and validation was conducted through scaled physical model tests. The results demonstrate that the stepwise method achieves high-precision estimation of distribution parameters, including the mean, standard deviation, and variance, and yields superior updating effects compared to direct methods, along with strong noise robustness.
  • Dynamic analysis of a fixed vibration reduction mechanism for medical instrument storage and transportation
    CHEN Kang, ZHANG Chi, FENG Yan, ZHAO Yajie
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 66-76.
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    To address the issues of strong impact and broadband random vibration faced by medical instruments in field hospitals during the "transportation-deployment-operation" lifecycle, an integrated mechanism was designed, combining fixed optical shafts with threaded rods and inclined spring damping. The fixed section employs two sets of orthogonal interleaved threaded rods paired with elastic straps, enabling rapid 0–40 mm adjustment and compatibility with multiple instrument models. The damping section consists of a high-density aluminum alloy perforated base plate and 30° inclined springs. Using a centrifuge as the test object, modal and harmonic response analyses were conducted via Abaqus to optimize the damping coefficient (ξ=0.2) and the layout of reinforcement ribs on the damping base plate. Reduce the third natural frequency from 50 Hz to 41 Hz, effectively avoiding excitation frequencies and lowering the acceleration transmissibility to 13.17% (the experimental value is 13.03%), meeting ISO14644-7 seismic requirements. Based on GB/T4857.23-2021, random vibration simulations and field truck experiments were conducted. The output power spectral density (PSD) of the mechanism support seat, as simulated, showed significant attenuation compared to the input PSD across all frequency bands, with the root mean square (RMS) value of output acceleration reduced by 75.17% compared to the input spectrum. The experimental and simulated PSD main peak error is about 5.4%, and the RMS error is about 16.6%. The results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism exhibits excellent frequency-selective vibration isolation performance under typical field conditions, providing a lightweight and modular technical solution for the high-mobility storage and transportation of precision medical instruments.
  • Aerodynamic shape optimization of high aspect ratio cross-shaped super high-rise buildings based on wind tunnel test
    DENG Ting1, WANG Yangxue1, FU Jiyang1, 2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 77-86.
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    Super high-rise buildings are prone to significant wind-induced effects under strong wind conditions, and their aerodynamic characteristics directly impact structural safety and performance. This study systematically analyzes the wind resistance performance of high aspect ratio cross-shaped buildings through high-frequency base force measurement wind tunnel tests, focusing on the control effects of optimization measures such as openings, surface protrusions, and corner cutting on building wind-induced response. The results show that for high aspect ratio cross-shaped buildings, the opening optimization design significantly alters the aerodynamic characteristics, effectively reducing the wind-induced response, particularly under higher return periods and larger period ratios, which results in a notable improvement in the structural response to wind loads. However, surface protrusions with vertical rectangular ribs provide limited damping effectiveness, and their applicability in practical engineering is limited. Corner cutting measures exhibit a certain damping effect on acceleration but do not demonstrate significant advantages in base moment control, potentially increasing the base moment in the crosswind direction. Through the comparative analysis of different optimization measures, the study finds that the choice of optimization measures should be comprehensively considered based on the building’s period ratio characteristics and wind speed conditions. 
  • Experimental simulation of tornado wind fields and analysis of key influencing parameters
    HU Chuanxin1, 2, BAO Yulong1, CHAI Xiaopeng3, ZHAO Lin4
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 87-96.
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    tornadoes are among the most destructive natural disasters, causing severe economic losses and casualties to renewable energy facilities in recent years. This study, using the tornado simulator at Wuhan University of Science and Technology, systematically examines the effects of ground roughness and translation velocity on tornado wind field structure. Results show that as swirl ratio varies from 0.167 to 0.765, maximum tangential velocity and core radius first increase and then decrease. Increased ground roughness significantly alters wind field characteristics: at roughness 0.36, near-ground tangential velocity peak is markedly higher than on a smooth surface, with the highest peak; tangential velocity decreases with height. Core radius extension ranks 0.36mm > 0.16mm > smooth. Translating tornadoes show pronounced height-dependent asymmetry, tilting toward the translation direction. The front-to-rear core radius ratio (rv,f/rv,b) decreases with height, with higher rear tangential velocity peak near the ground. As translation velocity increases from 0.015 m/s to 0.045 m/s, the core scale expands, but the rear tangential velocity peak weakens significantly, increasing tornado tilt. For tall thin-shell structures like cooling towers, complex pressure distributions require rigorous load-bearing verification. For dense low-rise clusters (e.g. large photovoltaic arrays, farm buildings), near-ground enhanced tangential winds necessitate improved foundation uplift/shear resistance and torsional strength. This study provides theoretical support and design guidance for wind-resistant structures in tornado-prone areas.
  • Dynamic characteristics of small-modulus gear pairs under the coupling effect of shaft-hole fit clearance and grease lubrication
    HU Bo1, 2, NING Min1, XIAO Zeliang1, WANG Hongbing1, 2, DONG Jianxiong1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 97-107.
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    In the small module gear transmission system of fixed-axis gear train, intermediate-stage gears are usually designed to rotate on fixed shafts, and shaft-hole fit clearance is generated accordingly. Moreover, small-module gears are often lubricated with grease. The combined effect of these two major features leads to significant changes in the dynamic performance of small-module gear transmission. For this purpose, this paper comprehensively considers the influence of shaft-hole clearance and lubrication on the contact of small-module gears, and combines the theory of elastohydrodynamic lubrication and the potential energy method to construct a time-varying meshing stiffness and nonlinear dynamic model of small-module gear pairs under the synergy of shaft-hole clearance and grease lubrication. The influence of the shaft-hole fit clearance on the meshing stiffness, nonlinear behavior and contact loss rate of the grease-lubricated small module gear transmission system was studied. The research results show that grease lubrication can enhance the meshing stiffness of gears, but the shaft-hole fit clearance will weaken the meshing stiffness of gears. The shaft-hole fit clearance has a significant impact on the nonlinear behavior in the high-speed zone of the greased lubricated small module gear system, which will significantly increase the vibration of the greased lubricated small module gear transmission system. A 0.02mm shaft-hole clearance causes the threshold of the system's unstable speed to decrease by 35.8%. The research content of this paper provides data support for the clearance design between the center hole of the gear and the fixed shaft, and can offer an important theoretical model for the vibration and noise reduction design of small-module gear pairs.
  • Re-compaction effect of upper layer compaction on lower layers during layered subgrade construction
    YIN Jianguang1, XIAO Chengzhi1, CUI Xinzhuang2, DAN Hancheng3, PAN Peng1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 108-118.
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    To investigate the influence of upper layer compaction on the re-compaction quality of lower layer soil during layered subgrade compaction, this study initially focused on analyzing the effect of moisture content on the response characteristics of soil, and explores its relationship with compactness and resilient modulus based on laboratory vibration compaction tests. Subsequently, the combined effects of moisture content w1, compaction time t1, and height h1 of the lower layer soil on its compactness and resilient modulus after re-compaction were systematically investigated. Meanwhile, the feasibility of re-compaction for the lower layer soil was further discussed based on the current specification. Multivariate regression models were finally developed to evaluate the compactness (Kre) and resilient modulus (Ere) after re-compaction. The results show that the resilient modulus was significantly positively correlated with compactness, while it followed a nonlinear trend of first increasing and then decreasing with moisture content. The compaction of the upper layer can significantly enhance the re-compaction performance of the lower layer. The re-compaction effect of the lower layer soil exhibited an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing with variations in w1 and h1, with the effect being most pronounced when w1=wopt and h1=70 mm. Meanwhile, the difference in compactness and resilient modulus of the lower layer soil after re-compaction in both layers shows an overall rising trend as t1 increased, especially for high moisture content. Therefore, improper control of w1, t1 and h1 may lead to insufficient re-compaction quality below specification requirements. Additionally, the RMSE and MAPE of the multivariate nonlinear Kre and Ere models are both below 10%, and the former exhibits higher prediction accuracy. These findings revealed the re-compaction mechanism during layered subgrade construction and offer valuable insights for field compaction quality control. 
  • Effect of eddy current on the response time of MRE isolator and optimization of the slotted structure
    FU Jie, WANG Siyu, ZHONG Can, DAI Zhenyu, YU Miao
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 119-126.
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    In this paper, the eddy current effect mechanism is analyzed to solve the problem of system delay caused by the magnetic field response of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) isolators in precision machining or measurement platforms, and a method to reduce the eddy current effect through device structure optimization is proposed. Firstly, the response time of MRE isolators is analyzed, the relationship between eddy current effect and the device structure size, material parameters and other functions is derived, the main factors affecting the eddy current effect are analyzed through simulation, and the slotted method of MRE isolator structure is proposed to reduce the eddy current effect. Secondly, the device structure is analyzed by analyzing the grooving depth, number and width to obtain the optimal grooving parameters. Finally, the response time of the device is tested under different excitation current conditions, and the results show that the proposed slotted structure can reduce the response time by 31.85% by the maximum.
  • Analytical dynamic matrix method for three-layer composite beams considering double interfacial slips
    WANG Libo1, MU Wencheng1, SUN Qikai1, ZHANG Nan1, ZHANG Cheng2, XU Zhao3
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 127-135.
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    Based on Timoshenko beam theory, this paper takes into account the effects of shear deformation and interlayer slip in each layer, and derives an analytical dynamic matrix for a three-layer partially interacting composite beam. This matrix encompasses the natural frequencies of the three-layer composite beam and, notably, does not incorporate approximate shape functions for displacement or force during the derivation process, thus endowing the matrix with analytical properties. The iterative solution method can be employed to ascertain the natural frequencies of the three-layer composite beam from the analytical dynamic matrix. The validity of the proposed method in this paper was confirmed through comparisons with methods from existing literature and ANSYS finite element calculation results. To assess its universality, calculations were performed on simply supported beams and continuous beams with varying layer thicknesses, and the results were compared with those from ANSYS finite element analysis, revealing an error margin of less than 5%. Finally, taking a simply supported flat steel web composite beam as an example, its potential for engineering applications is illustrated. The research findings demonstrate that the analytical dynamic matrix method is well-suited for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of three-layer partially interacting composite beams, and the calculation process exhibits numerical stability.
  • Mechanism research on the dynamic behavior of a rising bubble impacting an oil droplet in a surrounding water
    ZHANG Pengfei1, 2, LIAO Bin1, 2, SUN Minshu1, 2, CAO Yulong1, 2, ZHAO Hang1, 2, BU Yang1, 2, CHEN Shanqun1, 2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 136-150.
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    In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a rising bubble impacting an oil droplet in a surrounding water was systematically studied, as well as the intrinsic mechanism. Three typical evolution patterns of the bubble impacting the oil droplet, including adhesion mode, encapsulation mode, and penetration mode, were verified through numerical simulations. Based on the energy budget, the influence of Weber number (We), Reynolds number (Re), and initial size ratio of the bubbles to the oil droplet (D) on the dynamical behaviors of the bubble impacting the oil droplet was revealed. In addition, the regime maps of typical evolution patterns of the bubble impacting the oil droplet, using the above dimensionless parameters, were established. It was found that energy transfer and conversion between the bubble and the oil droplet directly affect the dynamic behavior of the bubble impacting the oil droplet. With the increase of We and Re, the typical evolution pattern of the bubble impacting the oil droplet exhibits a transition from encapsulation mode to penetration mode. With the rise in D, the typical evolution pattern of the bubble impacting the oil droplet transitions from the encapsulation mode to the penetration mode and back to the encapsulation mode. Finally, the influence of We-Re on the typical evolution pattern of the bubble impacting the oil droplet is similar to that of Re-D.
  • Identification and stiffness decoupling control of a 6-DOF precision vibration isolation platform
    HUANG Shan1, 2, WANG Song1, 2, YU Mengxi1, MU Ruinan1, LI Zongfeng1, DONG Wenbo1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 151-161.
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    To achieve high-precision active vibration isolation control for a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) vibration isolation platform and address the cross-coupling issue in the support structure of traditional platforms, this paper integrates system identification and stiffness decoupling into the existing 6-DOF acceleration closed-loop control strategy. First, linear sweep frequency is used to identify frequencies with high coupling degrees, and targeted open-loop excitation is applied at these multi-frequency points. Then, the least squares method is employed to solve and derive the system’s stiffness and damping matrices. Subsequent decoupling control of the stiffness matrix enables accurate identification and decoupling of system characteristics, effectively enhancing the multi-DOF comprehensive vibration suppression capability of the isolation device.Experimental verification of the active isolation system adopting this method confirms the strategy’s effectiveness: the multi-DOF weighted root mean square (WRMS) performance index improves from 4.08×10⁻⁷g to 3.44×10⁻⁷g, a 15.69% increase. The results demonstrate that the decoupled isolation platform can meet the high-precision multi-DOF vibration isolation requirements for space and ground-based precision experiments.
  • Dynamic modeling and experimental study of squeeze film dampers considering the coupled fluid inertia, cavitation, and thermo-viscous effects
    SHAO Junhua1, ZHANG Na2, LONG Xinhua3, MENG Guang3, LIU Xianbo1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 162-178.
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    High-fidelity modeling of Squeeze Film Dampers (SFDs) is crucial for accurately predicting and enhancing the dynamic performance of modern aero-engine rotor systems under complex operating conditions. Conventional models often neglect critical factors such as fluid inertia, oil film cavitation, and thermo-viscous effects, thereby limiting their predictive accuracy. In this study, a comprehensive SFD dynamic model that couples these critical physical factors is developed, and the corresponding coupled SFD–rotor dynamic equations are established. The model is based on the Reynolds equation, incorporating fluid inertia terms, employing the Elrod cavitation algorithm to describe the film's rupture and reformation, and accounting for the lubricant's thermo-viscous properties. The coupled governing equation is solved numerically via the finite difference method to systematically analyze the combined influence of parameters such as rotational speed, supply pressure, and temperature on the SFD’s nonlinear stiffness and damping characteristics. The results indicate that fluid inertia significantly alters the pressure distribution and cavitation zones at high Reynolds numbers, while supply pressure and temperature jointly govern the evolution of the nonlinear characteristics. To validate the model's effectiveness, a high-speed SFD experimental platform was constructed, and the experimental results show strong agreement with numerical predictions. This research provides a precise theoretical basis and engineering guidance for the optimal design of high-performance SFDs and the vibration control of aero-engine rotor systems.
  • Dynamic optimization of a microgravity drop tower guidance unit considering the coupling effect of rail topography and preload
    WANG Mingjiang1, 2, 3, MA Mingzhong2, 3, LU Lu2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 179-187.
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    The coupling effect between rail topography and preload in the guidance system of an electromagnetic-driven microgravity drop tower was investigated. A three-degree-of-freedom coupled dynamic model of the guidance unit was established based on Hertz contact theory. The influence mechanism of spring stiffness and preload on system vibration was analyzed, and their optimal matching range was determined. Furthermore, the impact of three typical rail irregularities (bending, misalignment, and step) on the acceleration response of the experimental capsule was quantified. Simulation results indicated that step irregularities induced the most severe vibration, with a root mean square (RMS) acceleration value more than 2.3 times that of bending and misalignment cases. The model's validity was verified through a rotating test platform, with experimental and simulation results showing consistent trends. This research provides theoretical and engineering guidance for the dynamic optimization of microgravity drop tower guidance systems.
  • Control algorithm fusing road recognition for a semi-active suspension with dual-valve damping system
    ZHU Longwei, LUO Jiannan
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 188-198.
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    To enhance the performance of semi active suspensions under unknown road conditions, this paper proposes a dual valve damper optimization control strategy based on dynamic response road recognition. First, a half car model incorporating nonlinear factors such as suspension bump stops and wheel lift is established. Accounting for system time delay, the MOEA/D multi objective optimization method is employed to optimize the controller current for various road conditions. A novel fusion road identification algorithm is designed, which utilizes statistical features of front vehicle body acceleration to classify road grades, thereby enabling real time optimization of damping parameters for the front and rear dual valve semi active suspensions. Additionally, a wheelbase preview method based on front wheel acceleration thresholds is integrated to detect transient impacts in advance and provide preview information to the rear suspension system. The results demonstrate that even in the presence of severe time delay in the damper system, the proposed fusion algorithm can effectively identify both road grades and impact levels, achieving adaptive adjustment of the dual valve semi active suspension. The strategy exhibits robust anti delay characteristics and significantly improves suspension performance. This study may provide effective support for the development of high performance semi active suspension control algorithms.
  • Design and performance analysis of a full-stroke-active magnetorheological damper
    LUO Tianzhou1, ZHANG Yanjuan1, 2, WANG Qiang1, CHEN Xi1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 199-208.
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    To address the limitations of conventional magnetorheological dampers, such as inefficient magnetic field utilization, a narrow dynamic range for damping force adjustment, and bulky structure, this paper proposes a novel full-stroke-active double-ended MRD. The core innovation lies in its excitation structure: the electromagnetic coils are wound in an axial array inside the inner cylinder, with magnetic isolation strips uniformly embedded between them. Finite element and numerical analysis results indicate that the excitation structure, composed of an array of coils and magnetic isolation strips, generates a coupled composite magnetic field within the damping gap, achieving uniform magnetic excitation across its entire domain. Furthermore, numerical analysis confirms that the effective damping gap coefficient (𝐾cov) is increased to 0.99, which represents an enhancement of 178% to 204% over the 𝐾cov values achieved by traditional single or compound coaxial coil structures. Under a sinusoidal excitation with an amplitude of 10 mm and a frequency of 2 Hz, the proposed design achieves a maximum damping force of 7907 N and a maximum adjustable damping ratio of 59.45, demonstrating a significant synchronous improvement in both the amplitude of the output damping force and its dynamic adjustment range. This excitation structure presents a novel solution for the application of high-performance, compact magnetorheological dampers.
    • SHOCK
  • Impact resistance performance of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen system in high temperature environments and the lightweight design
    JIA Rui1, GUO Yongzhi2, ZHAO Guanxi3, 4, HAN Rui1, 4, HE Taibi5, WANG Xiaocheng6
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 209-221.
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    To investigate the impact of the mechanical performance of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system under high-temperature conditions and further achieve lightweight design while ensuring safety, a certain vehicle-mounted hydrogen system was selected as the research object. Simulation analysis was conducted on the safety performance of the system under the combined conditions of high temperature and impact. The framework members of the system were selected as the core object for lightweight optimization analysis and design. Three sets of optimized members were selected through sensitivity analysis. Based on the Box-Behnken design, the test plan was designed, and a response surface model was constructed with the thickness of the rod group as the design variable and the maximum stress of the system and its three directions under impact as the optimization objective. The simulation results and the predicted results of the response surface model were compared and analyzed to verify the reliability and accuracy of the simulation model and the response surface model. The relationship between system quality and stress was determined, and the optimal optimization schemes of the three sets of optimized members within the optimization range were obtained. The results show that the hydrogen system can reduce its mass by 100 kg while meeting safety requirements, which is 5% less than the original mass, providing a feasible path for the multi-condition safety and structural optimization of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system.
  • Mechanical properties and impact characteristics of windshield glass based on the JH-2 model
    WANG Shiming1, ZHANG Jie1, PENG Yong2, JIA Xu1, MA Mingze1, CHEN Jiayun1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 222-232.
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    Based on the JH-2 constitutive model of monolithic float glass and combined with the dynamic relaxation method to simulate residual stress distribution, a novel impact simulation method suitable for tempered glass was established. First, quasi-static and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar tests were conducted. A JH-2 strength model for float glass was developed through theoretical analysis, and the damage parameters were calibrated using ballistic penetration simulation and an optimization-based inverse method. On this basis, the dynamic relaxation method was employed to simulate the residual stress distribution of tempered glass, thereby constructing a finite element model capable of analyzing impact responses. Subsequent drop weight impact tests demonstrated good agreement with the simulation results, verifying the reliability of the proposed constitutive model and simulation method. The results indicate that the impact force rises rapidly with fluctuations, stabilizes at approximately 1.75 kN, and then decreases in an oscillatory manner. Upon failure, the loaded surface of the glass exhibits a cobweb-like crack pattern. Furthermore, the stress at the crack tip undergoes periodic evolution, cyclically experiencing the processes of stress concentration, crack propagation, energy release, stress attenuation, and re-accumulation.
    • FAULT DIAGNOSIS ANALYSIS
  • Dual-stage data recovery approach for structural health monitoring based on the RF-xLSTM model
    DU Yongfeng1, 2, WANG Cuiyun1, ZHU Qiankun1, 2, HAO Jiaxin1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 233-244.
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    In order to recover missing data commonly encountered in SHM systems due to power failure, network constraints, and sensor failures, a dual-stage model, RF-xLSTM, is proposed. The model integrates the extended Long Short-Term Memory network (xLSTM) with Random Forest (RF). The proposed model employs a progressive error correction mechanism. In the first stage, RF utilizes its feature learning ability to perform initial imputation of missing values. In the second stage, xLSTM leverages its deep temporal modeling capability to capture nonlinear temporal dependencies and dynamically refine the potential errors from the RF stage. The model’s recovery accuracy under varying missing rates (MR) is validated using measured acceleration data from a bridge health monitoring system, with normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) serving as the evaluation metrics. The experimental results of the proposed method were evaluated against RF and xLSTM models to validate its effectiveness. The results show that the RF-xLSTM model significantly improves recovery accuracy when the missing rate is greater than or equal to 30%. The RF-xLSTM model demonstrates a 2.50% reduction in NRMSE and a 0.006 m/s2 decrease in MAE compared to the xLSTM model. Relative to the CNN model, it achieves a 2.19% lower NRMSE and a 0.001 m/s2 reduction in MAE; and compared to the GRU model, it yields a 3.64% reduction in NRMSE and 0.004 m/s2 decrease in MAE, while achieving a 2.67% lower NRMSE and 0.002 m/s2 reduction in MAE relative to the RF model. Incorporating the spatiotemporal correlations among adjacent sensor data can further enhance the performance of the RF-xLSTM model when the missing rate exceeds 50%. The algorithm is also applied to the missing data recovery of displacement measurements from seismic isolators in a super-long-span isolation structure located in a cold region, demonstrating its practicality and effectiveness for different types of structural health monitoring data.
  • new two-stage rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on broad learning unsupervised domain adaptation
    WANG Yujing1, WANG Hongqi1, KANG Shouqiang1, WANG Fukang1, LIU Huan2, L Wenmin1
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 245-258.
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    A novel two-stage rolling bearing fault diagnosis method was proposed for the class-imbalanced domain adaptation (CIDA) problem. Based on broad learning unsupervised domain adaptation, it had two stages. In the first stage, data preprocessing was done. Root mean square in the frequency domain reduced the dimension of imbalanced time-domain bearing data. The source and target domains were split by working conditions. A broad feature transfer network solved the unsupervised domain adaptation. The broad learning system (BLS) extracted features from preprocessed data, getting feature sample sets of the source domain and the target domain. Manifold embedded distribution alignment aligned features and quickly generated target-domain pseudo labels. In the second stage, a new sample screening strategy was introduced. A composite index RC ranked target-domain pseudo labels reliability. Reliable samples were selected and augmented with Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty to get a balanced set. The remaining target-domain samples were input into BLS trained with the balanced set for diagnosis. The method was validated on the bearing datasets of Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and Jiangnan University (JNU). It effectively handled CIDA challenges in fault diagnosis. Average accuracies of 98.05% and 96.84% were achieved on respective datasets. Computational time consumption was found to be lower compared to deep transfer learning methods.
  • Fault diagnosis of planetary gearboxes based on a graph diffusion convolution mixture-of-experts model
    XIE Ying1, 2, DU Lingqian3, ZHENG Jingxin3, WEN Lijie4, XU Rongbin1, 5
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 259-270.
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    To address the limitations of existing graph neural networks in capturing the complex frequency-domain dependencies and multi-scale structural characteristics of planetary gearbox vibration signals, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method based on a graph diffusion convolution mixture-of-experts model. First, adaptive filtering is employed to efficiently extract multi-scale frequency-domain features from complex vibration signals, enabling the construction of a graph structure that reflects spectral dependency relationships. Then, a multi-layer graph diffusion expert module is designed, where experts with different diffusion orders and decay coefficients extract features across scales—from local neighborhoods to the global topology. Finally, a node-feature-driven cross-attention dynamic routing mechanism is introduced to allocate expert weights based on attention similarity between nodes and experts, achieving adaptive feature-level fusion. Experiments conducted on two planetary gearbox datasets demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing approaches in both fault identification accuracy and robustness, verifying its effectiveness and generalization capability.
  • Domain adaptation fault diagnosis method based on multi-modal feature cross-correction and fusion
    GUAN Yilong1, 2, 3, FANG Hao1, 2, 3, SHI Jiashuo1, 2, 3, GUO Zhizhong1, 2, 3, JIN Huaiping1, 2, 3
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 271-287.
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    To address the limitations of insufficient cross-modal interaction and shallow fusion strategies in rotating machinery fault diagnosis under varying operating conditions, this paper proposes a multi-modal feature cross-correction and fusion based domain adaptation (MCCF-DA) network. First, a Feature Correction Module (FCM) employs cross-modal guidance to address the distribution discrepancies between vibration impulses and current modulations, enabling feature cleaning and bidirectional calibration. Subsequently, a Feature Fusion Module (FFM) facilitates deep interaction using electromechanical coupling-based bidirectional cross-attention. The resulting high-quality fused features are then fed into a Conditional domain adaptation (CDA) network, which learns domain-invariant features via category-aware adversarial training. Experimental results on a real bearing dataset demonstrate that the proposed method effectively captures complementary multimodal information, significantly improving diagnostic performance under large domain shifts — achieving an accuracy gain of 15% over domain adaptation baselines.
  • Compound fault decoupling diagnosis method based on multi-feature fusion and SMoE-Transformer under small sample scenarios
    YAN Shiwei1, 3, ZHANG Fengli1, 3, LI Jiaqi2, 3, WANG Jinjiang2, 3
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 288-296.
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    In order to address the challenge of compound fault decoupling and analysis caused by the strong coupling of fault features in industrial scenarios with small samples, a small-sample compound fault decoupling diagnosis method based on multi-feature fusion and SMoE-Transformer was proposed. First, wavelet packet decomposition was applied to preprocess the vibration signals, and a multi-feature fusion module was employed to extract local and global features, forming a multi-dimension feature matrix as the input to the fault decoupling module. The fault decoupling module integrated the sparse mixture-of-experts and Transformer decoder, which predicted the probability of each individual fault component through a cross-attention mechanism and multi-label query vectors. The compound fault was predicted as a combination of multiple single-fault labels. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated using a bearing dataset, demonstrating a significant advantage under small-sample conditions with compound fault decoupling diagnosis accuracy of 98.36%.
    • ACOUSTIC RESEARCH AND APPLICATION
  • Coal-gangue recognition method based on the acoustic feature optimization and a residual fully connected network
    CAO Dengyang1, LIU Houguang1, 2, RAO Zhushi3, YANG Shanguo1, 2, LIU Jianshu1, CHENG Xinyu1, LIU Songyong1, 2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 297-309.
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    To address the coal–gangue recognition requirements in fully mechanized top-coal caving mining, acoustic feature–based methods are widely favored due to their low cost and high efficiency. However, such methods often suffer from strong environmental noise interference and poor recognition performance for ambiguous samples. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a coal–gangue recognition method that fuses acoustic feature optimization with a residual fully connected network. First, an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is employed to suppress complex simulated noise. Then, inspired by the human auditory model, a three-level collaborative enhancement mechanism—outer ear, middle ear, and cochlea—is designed to directionally amplify acoustic differences between coal and gangue. Specifically, the outer ear simulates dual-formant characteristics and applies a Gaussian response to enhance energy in characteristic frequency bands; the middle ear follows the ossicular chain conduction principle to construct a piecewise linear transmission model for efficient sound energy conversion; and the cochlea integrates basilar membrane frequency mapping with outer hair cell nonlinear gain to apply dynamic amplification to differential frequency bands, further strengthened through category-specific optimization. Next, a multidimensional acoustic feature set is constructed, and the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique is adopted to balance positive and negative sample distributions, thereby reducing model learning bias and preventing over-reliance on majority-class feature patterns. Finally, a residual fully connected network is built, and a hard sample mining mechanism is introduced to improve classification performance for ambiguous samples. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a macro-average F1-score of 97.50% and a coal–gangue recognition accuracy of 97.52% under simulated complex noise conditions, verifying its excellent recognition performance.
    • EARTHQUAKE SCIENCE AND STRUCTURE SEISMIC RESILIENCE
  • Simulation method for the pulsed seismic motion in near-fault areas based on PCA
    LI Xiaoli1, MA Hongli1, GONG Zhichao1, WANG Dongsheng2
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 310-320.
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    A multi-parameter constrained simulation framework for pulse-like ground motions is developed to improve consistency with near-fault recorded motions. Baker wavelet parameter identification combined with principal component analysis is employed to extract features from recorded ground motions and to construct wavelet bases for pulse-like motion synthesis. A genetic algorithm-based objective function is established to match multiple ground motion parameters and to optimize wavelet combination coefficients, enabling simultaneous satisfaction of pulse waveform characteristics and statistical properties. The proposed method is validated using strong-motion records from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan and is compared with a traditional hybrid simulation approach. Results show that the simulated motions achieve improved agreement with recorded data in peak ground acceleration, duration, and spectral characteristics, while effectively preserving typical pulse features. The framework provides reliable ground motion inputs for seismic analysis of structures in near-fault regions. 
  • Seismic effect analysis method for tower crown curtain walls based on a simplified model of the main structure
    ZHUO Xiuqi, LU Wensheng, HE Yu, GAO Yuqing
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 321-328.
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    To address the challenge of balancing computational efficiency and analytical accuracy in the seismic effect analysis of tower crown curtain walls in supertall buildings, a two-stage analysis method based on simplified model of main structure is proposed. In the first stage, a multi-mass equivalent Timoshenko beam model is established, in which the shear and bending stiffness parameters are identified using particle swarm optimization algorithm to ensure consistency with the dynamic characteristics of the actual structure. In the second stage, the seismic responses obtained from the simplified model are used as input for conducting detailed seismic effect analysis on the refined finite element model of the tower crown curtain wall. An engineering case study demonstrates that the proposed method significantly improves computational efficiency while maintaining high analytical accuracy, providing an effective and reliable technical approach for the seismic design and engineering application of tower crown curtain walls.
  • Study on the dynamic response of cable-anchored slopes under seismic action
    WANG Feng1, LIU Qingyuan2, LIU Min1, HUANG Yuanyuan2, WEI Hong3
    Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2026, 45(14): 329-338.
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    To investigate the enhancement effect of prestressed anchor cable support on the seismic performance of slopes, this study conducted comparative model tests on unsupported and anchor cable-supported slopes to quantitatively analyze the seismic resistance mechanism of anchor cables. The test results show that the sliding surface of the unsupported slope was completely penetrated, with intensive cracking at the slope crest and toe, whereas the anchor cable-supported slope only exhibited a limited number of cracks, with no penetration of the sliding surface, thus preserving overall stability. The anchor cable axial force data indicate that the axial force remained steady during the initial loading stage and gradually increased as the acceleration rose, demonstrating that the anchor cables effectively inhibited further slope damage. Comparing the peak acceleration responses, the acceleration amplification coefficients at the slope surface measurement points of the unsupported slope were 1.168 times and 1.19 times those of the corresponding points in the anchor cable-supported slope, indicating that the anchor cables effectively absorbed and dissipated seismic energy. The introduction of Arias intensity to represent cumulative energy revealed that the energy of the unsupported slope was approximately 1.3 times that of the anchor cable-supported slope. Frequency-domain analysis further revealed that anchor cable support not only suppressed low-frequency energy associated with overall sliding oscillations but also significantly attenuated mid- to high-frequency energy responsible for local damage and resonance, particularly in the 80–100 Hz high-frequency range, where the energy reduction reached a factor of 11.56. The tests comprehensively and quantitatively evaluated the seismic performance of anchor cable support from multiple dimensions, including macroscopic failure patterns, dynamic time-history responses, and frequency-domain energy distribution. The findings can provide a basis for the seismic design of anchor cable-supported slopes.
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