Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are widely used in various fields such as hydrological monitoring, underwater exploration, and patrol reconnaissance, due to their mobility, robustness, and extensive operational range. To ensure the safe and efficient completion of various tasks, the research on motion control technology for AUVs is of paramount importance. This paper provides a chronological overview of the development of AUVs, focusing on typical products both domestically and internationally, with an emphasis on motion control technologies. Additionally, it presents the "Sheng Whale I" AUV developed by the team, along with its motion control technology. Based on the current state of AUV motion control research, strategies can be classified into path tracking, trajectory tracking, and stabilization control. Research in this field primarily focuses on the design of guidance schemes and the optimization of controllers. The main challenges affecting AUV motion control systems include model uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator saturation. To address these challenges, intelligent control techniques such as deep reinforcement learning, sliding mode control, active disturbance rejection control, neural networks, adaptive control, S-plane control, and fuzzy control have been widely applied. These methods effectively mitigate the impact of changes in the AUV's dynamic model, as well as environmental disturbances like waves and ocean currents, on tracking accuracy. For actuator saturation issues, model predictive control, deep reinforcement learning, and sliding mode control have shown particularly promising results. Existing research indicates that information-based AUVs are numerous, and the motion control systems of AUVs demonstrate significant advantages in terms of accuracy and robustness. Future developments in AUVs will focus on long-range vehicles powered by renewable energy and multi-mode AUVs equipped with autonomous maneuvering capabilities. Additionally, the trend in AUV motion control will shift towards low-power motion control and swarm motion control.

In order to solve the problem of low fault diagnosis accuracy, this paper proposes a bearing fault diagnosis method based on feature cross-attention mechanism fusion and develops the CNN-BiTCN-CATTM model. The original signal is reconstructed using variational mode decomposition and fast fourier transform, while bidirectional temporal convolutional networks (BiTCN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) are used to extract time-frequency features. The cross-attention mechanism (CATTM) is applied to fuse these features, fully capturing fault characteristics from the original signal. Experiments show that in an environment with Gaussian white noise (SNR = 9.32, standard deviation = 2.98), the CNN-BiTCN-CATTM model achieves a bearing fault classification accuracy of 99.88%, which is about 22.79%, 4.85%, and 4.19% higher than using CNN, BiTCN, and CNN-SATTM, respectively. Even with Gaussian white noise (SNR = 3.31, standard deviation = 5.96), the model still achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 96.12%. The CNN-BiTCN-CATTM model effectively extracts deep fault features and significantly improves fault classification accuracy.

Precision optical instruments in aircraft and ships face increasingly stringent requirements for the vibration environment, and active control methods via the Stewart platform have attracted extensive attention. Firstly, the development of Stewart active vibration isolation platform at home and abroad was investigated, and the main performance indicators such as payload (Kg), active bandwidth (Hz) and maximum amplitude attenuation (dB) were summarized. Secondly, the key technologies on Stewart active vibration isolation platform, including Stewart platform configuration, isotropic and dynamic stability, coupling factors and decoupling methods, dynamic modeling methods, nonlinear and hysteresis phenomena of smart material actuators, and active control algorithms, were summarized in detail. The study discussed how the main performance indicators were enhanced by these key technologies and identified unresolved issues； then, the advantages of multi-channel coupled adaptive algorithm using Stewart isolation platform in complex and time-varying vibration environment were summarized. Finally, the further development of Stewart active vibration isolation platforms in precision optical instruments was prospected. 

As a flexible bridge, the deflection control of the main girder is particularly important during the operation of a suspension bridge. To predict the vertical deflection of the main girder of an existing suspension bridge under the combined effects of random traffic flow and environmental temperature, this paper establishes an integrated deflection interval prediction method based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, probability density estimation layer, and bridge monitoring data. Using health monitoring data from the Nanxi Yangtze River Bridge, a time series training set of environmental temperature, vehicle load, and deflection monitoring data was established. The combined CNN-LSTM layers captured local features and long-term memory in the time series. A Gaussian distribution was used as the probability density function, and the parameters of the Gaussian distribution were evaluated using the maximum likelihood method, resulting in optimal deflection prediction values and probability intervals. Based on this, a method for identifying abnormal deflection and warning thresholds for the main girder of existing suspension bridges was proposed. The study shows that compared to LSTM and CNN-LSTM models, the CNN-LSTM-GD model has better predictive capabilities for small deflection fluctuations and extreme deflections, with deflection prediction values closely matching the monitoring data. Over a 24-hour time scale, compared to the traditional LSTM model, the CNN-LSTM-GD model improved the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) by 54.40% and 10.22%, respectively. Compared to the CNN-LSTM model, the improvements in RMSE and R2 were 38.43% and 5.31%, respectively.

To investigate the propagation laws of energy waves generated by nearshore underwater borehole blasting and to evaluate the destructive effects of seismic waves and water shock waves on reservoir dam, as well as the damaging effects of seismic waves on reservoir shore pits, this study was conducted based on the underwater borehole blasting project at the water intake of the Second Water Source Project in Guilin City. Using a fully coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian algorithm, numerical simulations of nearshore underwater borehole blasting were carried out to analyze the changes in propagation patterns and attenuation laws of blasting energy waves, as well as the dynamic response characteristics of the reservoir dam and shore pits. The results indicated that: 1) The attenuation characteristics of the water shock wave peak pressure with the scaled distance charge (Q1/3/R), dam vibration velocity time history curve and the variation pattern of dam peak vibration velocity observed in field tests showed a high degree of consistency with the numerical simulation results. Both field tests and numerical simulations demonstrated that the attenuation characteristics of water shock wave peak pressure closely matched Cole's empirical formula, confirming the reliability of the numerical simulation model for underwater borehole blasting. 2) Based on an intuitive analysis of the propagation and attenuation characteristics of water shock waves in reservoir water and seismic waves in the reservoir bottom rock mass, the propagation process of blasting energy waves was divided into three stages: explosion stage, diffusion stage, and attenuation stage. The influence ranges of seismic waves and water shock waves caused by the propagation of energy waves, with a medium vibration velocity of v=0.1cm/s, were 270m and 206.28m, respectively, and both did not reach the foot of the reservoir dam. 3) The peak pressure of water shock waves significantly attenuated with increasing distance from the explosion center and depth. Based on the blast similarity analogy method, a dual-factor empirical calculation formula for water shock wave pressure, considering both explosion center distance and underwater depth, was established, which can be used to reliably predict the peak pressure of water shock waves at any position in the water area. 4) The propagation of blasting energy waves in the reservoir dam caused significant dynamic responses in the core wall and the dam body. The vibration response in the bottom region of the dam’s blast-facing side was intense, and localized damage occurred in the dam foot area. The peak vibration velocity at the monitoring point at the dam bottom reached 0.17cm/s, which is below the standard limit of 2.5cm/s, indicating that the dam was preliminarily in a safe and stable state; the maximum damage ratio at the dam foot was only 25%. To ensure the absolute safety of the dam, appropriate vibration isolation and protective measures should be considered. 5) The propagation of blast-induced seismic waves in the reservoir shore rock mass triggered sequential dynamic responses on the blast-facing side, bottom, side, and back-blast side of the pit. The peak stress and peak vibration velocity were highest at the top of the blast-facing side of the pit. Close-range high-charge blasting could adversely affect the safety and stability of the shore pit, necessitating strict reinforcement and vibration isolation measures in engineering practice. The findings can also provide a reference for analyzing the propagation laws of energy waves and assessing adverse impacts in similar engineering blasting projects.

Nonlinear energy sink (NES) has broad application prospects in passive control.However, studies in this filed mainly focus on unidirectional vibration absorbers to limit its applicability to multi-directional vibrations in practical applications.Here, a multi-directional NES was designed using 2 sets of mutually orthogonal steel wire structures to realize adaptive vibration absorption in any direction of a single vibrator space.Multi-directional vibration governing equations of the system were established based on Lagrange equation, and the harmonic balance method was used for approximate analytical analysis of the system’s steady-state response.The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method was used for numerical verification, and then the vibration reduction effect of the multi-directional NES was studied.The results showed that the multi-directional single vibrator NES can effectively suppress multi-directional vibrations and it is equally effective for any unidirectional excitation. This study can provide a reference for application and design of NES in multi-directional vibration control.

Due to the low stiffness of serial industrial robots, the robotic milling process is prone to chatter due to the improper selection of processing parameters or robot pose, which will reduce the surface quality of the workpiece and damage the robot equipment.In order to predict the chatter stability of robotic milling, the variation of robot end stiffness along with the spatial pose was studied by constructing the stiffness model of the robot.The dynamic model of the spindle system was constructed, then the influence of the speed effect on the dynamic characteristics of the tool tip was studied, and the mapping function between the spindle speed and the natural frequency of the tool tip was constructed by data fitting method.A robotic milling dynamic model considering the coupling effects between the robot and spindle system was proposed.The damping ratio and modal mass at the tool tip of the robotic milling system were obtained by hammer experiments, and the stability lobe diagram of the robotic milling system considering different factors was obtained.The variation law of milling chatter stability under the coupling effects of the robot-spindle system was revealed and verified by experiments.The results show that the stability lobe diagram obtained when considering the robot-spindle system coupling effects is more consistent with the actual milling state, which can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of robotic milling chatter stability.

The geometric condition of railway tracks is crucial for the operational safety and ride comfort of trains. Therefore, research on the analysis of track irregularities, track quality assessment, and prediction of track irregularity development is of importantsignificant practical significance. This paper reviews recent Recent research on the assessment and prediction of track geometry was reviewed in this paper, including the analysis distribution characteristics analysis of track irregularity, track serviceability assessment, and prediction of track irregularity development. The advancements and shortcomings of existing research is was discussed and future research directions of relevant topics are were analyzed. It is found that in the study of track regularity distribution, there is a need to further integrate dynamic and static track inspection data, as well as to further investigate the data feature in the sensitive and weak track sections. Regarding track quality assessment methods, time-domain methods is predominant, whilst the frequency-domain methods are still under development. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between time- and frequency-domain indexes, and to establish a comprehensive track quality assessment scheme incorporating wavelength parameters. In terms of track irregularity development prediction, compared to ballasted tracks and conventional railways, research on ballastless tracks and high-speed railways is relatively limited, and relevant studies inadequately consider the evolution of track structural performance. Future efforts should focus on constructing predictive models that meet the requirements of maintenance work based on actual environmental and factors. 

Transmission lines are subjected to dynamic loads such as wind loads, conductor vibrations, and dancing for a long time, resulting in loss of bolt preload or even loosening, which seriously affects the safety of transmission towers and lines.The joints of the tower are usually connected by bolts, which bear the shear force and lateral vibration load.However, relevant codes only specify that the tightening torque of bolts should achieve the purpose of tightening and preventing loosening, and other factors that affect the anti-loosening characteristics are often ignored, which may affect the long-term tightening state and daily operation and maintenance of bolts.Transverse vibration tests were conducted on 6.8 grade M16 rough high-strength bolts commonly used in transmission towers, and the effects of different frequencies, amplitudes, and torques on the bolt preload and fastening characteristics were studied.Then, a simulation analysis of the anti-loosening characteristics of bolts under transverse vibration load was carried out, and the results were compared and verified with the test results and specifications.The bolt deformation and thread area stress under transverse vibration state, as well as the bolt loosening law under different initial preloads were investigated.The results show that the decline curve of preload can be divided into two stages: rapid decrease and steady decrease.When the transverse vibration frequency is lower, the amplitude is larger, and the torque is smaller, the bolt is more likely to loosen.Under transverse vibration load, the stress distribution in the threaded area is uneven, with an overall trapezoidal distribution.Furthermore, the stress distribution of the thread gradually decreases from the screw section towards the free end, and the maximum stress point moves from the middle position to both sides.The higher the preload, the better the anti-loosening performance.Therefore, it can be seen that the preload force corresponding to the torque method specified in the code is relatively low.It is recommended to use preload force control and take 0.5 to 0.6 times the yield tightening axial force.

Given the issues of imbalanced attention mechanisms, conservative pooling strategies, and the loss function's inability to comprehensively consider information from all classes leads to the learned features being relatively scattered in the FasterVit network, a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on the CFasterVit-TFAM and COS-UMAP models is proposed. The model consists of the FasterVit-TFAM network, the COS-UMAP dimensionality reduction algorithm, and the activation function CMSD-Softmax. Firstly, a new attention mechanism TFAM is proposed and combined with the FasterVit network to improve the balance and representation ability of information attention in the FasterVit network. Secondly, the COS-UMAP dimensionality reduction algorithm is used to replace the last pooling operation before the fully connected layer of the FasterVit network, effectively filtering and retaining important features in multidimensional data. Finally, replacing the cross-entropy loss function in the Softmax activation function with the mean standard deviation loss function allows for a more comprehensive learning of features and improves the model's generalization. The XJTU rolling bearing mixed fault experiment results show that the diagnostic accuracy of the TFAM attention mechanism is increased by 8% compared to other attention mechanisms, and the diagnostic accuracy of the COS-UMAP is increased by 15.8% compared to other dimensionality reduction algorithms. The diagnostic accuracy of the CMSD is increased by 0.5% compared to the cross entropy loss function. The proposed model achieves a recognition accuracy of 99.6% for fault samples, which is 1.4% higher than that of FasterVit and 7.8% higher than that of other network models. The simulation results of the rolling bearing dataset from Southeast University show that the proposed model achieves a recognition rate of 98.6% for fault samples, which is 2.2% higher than that of FasterVit. The average training time per round is reduced by 16.92 seconds, which is a maximum improvement of 12.2% compared to other network models, effectively improving the accuracy and generalization performance of the rolling bearing fault diagnosis model.

The transfer learning method has made great progress in solving the problem of unsupervised fault diagnosis of gearbox. However, due to the differences in the distribution of gearbox data, noise and interference, and the limitations of the model, most of the methods are not effective in migrating complex gearbox datasets, and there are still few studies on the interpretability of network inputs. In this paper, we propose an improved domain-adversarial neural network (IDANN). The improved time-frequency network is used as a feature extractor to provide interpretability and noise reduction when the signal is fed into the network, and then the class-level alignment method of the target domain is added to the domain adversarial network, and two classifiers are used to detect the target samples close to the decision boundary to enhance the migration performance. The effectiveness and reliability of IDANN are verified on the Southeast University gearbox dataset and straddle-type monorail gearbox, and the performance of IDANN under noise conditions is tested on the Case Western Reserve University bearing dataset, and the experimental results show that IDANN has excellent diagnostic performance and robustness. 

As the core component of active vibration control, a novel Ampere force electromagnetic actuator based on the Halbach magnetic pole array was designed, featuring high force density and low output force fluctuation rate. The multi-physical field coupling relationship of the electromagnetic actuator was analyzed, and a coupled model of the electromagnetic field and energy consumption field was established. In this model, the energy consumption field was modeled by the neural network surrogate model method to enhance the computational efficiency. The NSGA-II optimization algorithm was employed to conduct multi-objective optimization design, and the improved entropy weight decision-making theory was combined to obtain the optimal combination of design parameters. A prototype of the electromagnetic actuator was fabricated and experimental analysis was carried out. The results show that: In the 30-250Hz frequency band, the force constant of the actuator can reach 20 N/A, and the nonlinearity is less than 10%. When the peak current is 8 A at 250 Hz, the energy consumption of the actuator is 105.20 W, presenting the advantages of low force attenuation rate, good linearity, and low power consumption.

In order to study the seismic performance of the assembled steel fully recycled concrete frame-recycled concrete infilled wall structure, a cast-in-place steel reinforced concrete frame (control group) and two assembled steel reinforced recycled concrete frames with a scale ratio of 1:2.5 were designed. The mechanical properties such as hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and inter-story displacement angle of assembled steel reinforced fully recycled concrete were investigated by low cyclic loading test. The results show that the failure modes of the assembled steel fully recycled concrete frame and the cast-in-place ordinary concrete frame are similar, both of which are manifested as the failure of the plastic hinge zone at the beam end and the column bottom. The stiffness degradation of prefabricated steel reinforced recycled concrete frame is more obvious than that of cast-in-place ordinary concrete frame, and the maximum reduction is about 62.54 %. The energy dissipation capacity of the prefabricated steel reinforced recycled concrete frame with infill wall is the best, which is about 22.22 % higher than that of the cast-in-place steel reinforced concrete frame. The strength degradation coefficient of cast-in-place ordinary steel reinforced concrete frame and assembled steel reinforced recycled concrete frame is between 0.89 and 0.91, and the strength degradation coefficient of assembled steel reinforced recycled concrete frame with infilled wall is between 0.77 and 0.82. The displacement ductility coefficient of the assembled steel reinforced recycled concrete frame is about 2.14 ~ 4.63, which is about 118.40 % higher than that of the cast-in-place ordinary concrete structure. The ultimate inter-story displacement angle of cast-in-place steel ordinary concrete frame and assembled steel recycled concrete frame is between 1/39 and 1/28. The strain test results show that the bearing capacity of the structure is mainly controlled by the normal stress on the section. The plastic hinge begins to form at the beam end, and finally forms at the bottom of the column. The failure belongs to the beam hinge mechanism, which meets the seismic requirements of strong column and weak beam.

The impact vibration test is widely used in modal analysis, because of its convenience, low cost, and efficiency in identifying multiple modes with a single impact.To achieve efficient and accurate estimation and uncertainty quantification of modal parameters in the impact test, a fast Bayesian fast Fourier transform method was proposed.The likelihood function was first developed based on the equation of motion and the complex normal assumption of measurement error, and the Laplace approximation was then adopted to obtain the posterior distribution of modal parameters, i.e., fitting the posterior distribution with a Gaussian distribution, whose mean was computed by minimizing the negative log likelihood function (NLLF) while the covariance matrix was obtained by taking the inverse of the Hessian matrix of NLLF at the posterior mean.A coordinate descent algorithm was proposed to minimize the NLLF taking advantage of the analytical gradient of NLLF.The Hessian matrix was obtained via the calculus of complex matrix, allowing an efficient implementation.Finally, the performance of the proposed method was validated through synthetic and laboratory data.A comparison with the methods based on free and ambient vibration tests was also provided, respectively.

多体动力学；刚柔耦合；假设模态法；机电耦合；振动控制

Accurately identifying and locating internal defects is crucial for ensuring safety and durability of concrete structures. The impact echo (IE) method has unique advantages for concrete structures with only a single inspection surface. When using IE method for testing internal defects in concrete structures, the difficulty lies in analyzing features of IE signals and classifying and identifying defects. Here, a method for identifying internal defects in concrete was proposed based on deep learning of time-frequency maps of IE signals. Firstly, IE tests were conducted for concrete slabs containing different types of defects including holes, honeycombs and cracks. Then, the original IE signals were converted into time-frequency maps with short-time Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transform, respectively. Finally, 2 types of time-frequency maps were combined for data expansion to construct datasets containing defect types, hole sizes and crack depth time-frequency maps. 3 types of deep learning models of Swin Transformer, Vision Transformer and ResNet18 were used for training. Based on the relevant evaluation indexes of deep learning models, performances of different deep learning models under different datasets were analyzed, and the classification and recognition effects of models on defects were compared. The results showed that Swin Transformer performs the best among 3 models, its correctness rate is over 95.00% in defect type classification, and it has good recognition performance.

To address the issues with complex and variable vibration signals in gearboxes, which led to low diagnostic accuracy of existing gearbox fault diagnosis methods and the risk of weak fault features being overwhelmed by noise, a new fault diagnosis method was proposed. Firstly, entropy weight fusion algorithm was used to fusion vibration sensor signals at different locations, and vector weighted mean value algorithm (INFO) was used to optimize parameters in the variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm. A composite evaluation index was designed as the evaluation standard for parameter optimization. The Singular Kurtosis Differential Spectrum (SKD) method was employed to reconstruct the sensitive components. What’s more, the time domain and frequency domain features were extracted from the reconstructed signals and fed into the CNN model for classification. Finally, Shapley Additive Explanations (Shap) value method was used to rank the importance of input features. The impact of different feature combinations on model classification and specific fault identification was analyzed. The proposed method was validated on the Planetary Gearbox Dataset from Southeast University. It was shown that using the proposed feature combination for fault diagnosis, the CNN model achieves an accuracy of 98.24%, which is higher than other combinations. This provides an effective set of feature indicators for planetary gearbox fault diagnosis.

The crashworthiness of an aircraft is not only affected by its own structural design, but also closely related to the crash speed, the landing attitude, and the runway environment.The full-scale structure of a typical civil aircraft was taken as the study object, and a full-scale aircraft crash dynamics model, was established, which was then validated by the experimental data from the literature.Numerical simulations of crashes under different impact speeds, pitch angles, roll angles, and runway environment factors were further conducted to explore the influences of different factors on the aircraft crash response.The results show that as the impact speed increases, the initial peak of the crash load on the lower part of the fuselage and the platform load gradually increase, and the area of deformation of the fuselage gradually increases.With the increase of the pitch angle, the waveform of the crash load changes significantly, the load peak decreases significantly, the peak acceleration of the floor gradually decreases, the acceleration of the mid-fuselage structure is more sensitive to the change of the pitch angle, and the impact speed of the local fuselage structure of the aircraft is significantly affected by the aircraft pitch angle.Under the condition that the overall vertical impact speed of the aircraft remains unchanged, the greater the pitch angle, the greater the impact speed of the front fuselage section, and the overall non-linear increase trend from the nose to the rear fuselage is presented.The roll angle has little effect on the aircraft’s crash load and the acceleration peak of the wing, but has a significant effect on the acceleration peak of the fuselage floor.The deformation on the side of the fuselage bottom at the near roll direction increases, and a new plastic hinge is produced.Compared with the rigid runway, when crashing on the clay runway, the vertical impact load peak of the aircraft decreases, and the heading impact load peak increases significantly.The aircraft crashes on the clay runway and produces a gully-like deformation.The shape of the gully and the deformation expansion process under different pitch angles are significantly different.The deformation of the fuselage and the peak acceleration of the floor are smaller when crashing on the clay runway, and the risk to the safety of the passengers is smaller than that on the rigid runway.

As one of the basic engineering units, elastic beam systems are widely used in various fields, including architecture, aerospace, ocean engineering, and others.It is of great engineering significance to control the vibration level of elastic beam systems.To reveal the potential application of double-coupling nonlinear oscillators(DCNO) in the vibration control of double-beam systems, a dynamic behavior prediction model of double-beam systems with DCNOs was established, where the Lagrange method was used to predict the dynamic behavior of the double-beam system.On the basis of ensuring the correctness of the numerical results, the typical operating mode of the DCNO was studied, and the influence of the DCNO parameters on the dynamic behavior of the double-beam system was discussed.The results show that the introduction of the DCNOs can effectively realize the synchronous vibration control of each substructure of the double-beam system.On the one hand, when the DCNO is in the multi-frequency linear/nonlinear vibration control mode, the vibration of each sub-beam in the main resonance region of the double-beam system is effectively suppressed.Additionally, the multi-frequency nonlinear vibration control mode excites the complicated vibration responses of the double-beam system, resulting in the unidirectional transmission of vibration energy in time domain between elastic beams and DCNOs.On the other hand, according to the vibration control requirements, the working mode and vibration control effect of DCNOs can be realized by adjusting its core control parameters.Setting appropriate core control parameters for DCNOs is conducive to enhancing the vibration control effect of the DCNOs on the main resonance region of the double-beam system.

The study of kinetic energy projectiles' impact response characteristics against typical protective target plates has guiding significance for improving projectile power design. This article, through ballistic impact experiments, investigates the impact response characteristics of a 12.7mm kinetic energy projectile against three typical target plates: concrete (condition 1), armor steel (condition 2), and ceramic composite armor (condition 3). It establishes a calculation model for the fracture characteristics of brittle kinetic energy projectiles. The study finds that the tensile and shear waves generated by the impact load on the target plate are key factors influencing the change in fracture mode of the projectile core.When the impact load is relatively small, the projectile core initially exhibits elastic response characteristics (condition 1). As the impact load increases, the core shifts from tensile fracture to shear fracture, with the fracture surface transitioning from cleavage/dimple fracture (condition 2) to a predominantly cleavage fracture (condition 3). Additionally, the residual height of the projectile core gradually decreases. The theoretical model's calculated results for the kinetic energy projectile's fracture characteristics align well with the experimental results, demonstrating good applicability.

Damage to transformer windings caused by external short circuits is usually not only related to a single short-circuit process, but also to gradual deformation of windings caused by successive short-circuit impacts to generate irreversible cumulative deformation and reduce their anti-short-circuit ability. Here, firstly, a 110.0 kV transformer was remade to conduct multiple short-circuit impulse tests. Cumulative effect of short-circuit impacts on mechanical state damage of windings was verified by measuring changes of reactance and axial pressure of windings. Then, effects of cumulative effect on vibration characteristics of windings were revealed through time domain and frequency domain analyses of vibration signals on surface of fuel tank and axial impact force of windings. Wigner-Ville distribution method was used to process vibration signals, construct time-frequency matrix for realizing feature extraction, and calculate the membership degree of winding mechanical state based on fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm, a method for quantifying the cumulative effect of winding deformation was proposed, and the criterion for severe winding deformation was determined. According to the experimental results, it can be seen that the variation law of vibration characteristic parameters is highly consistent with the change rate of reactance and axial pressure. The study results can be applied in mechanical state assessment and early fault warning of windings, and provide important engineering reference value for safe and stable operation of transformers.

Aiming at the problem that the damping characteristics of vehicle hydro-pneumatic spring cannot be adaptively adjusted according to road and driving conditions, and it is difficult to achieve sufficient safety and comfortBased on the insufficient adaptive damping capability with the various road and running conditions for hydro-pneumatic spring in vehicles, which cannot obtain satisfactory safety and serviceability,, a design theory of semi-active magnetorheological (MR) hydro-pneumatic spring is was proposed. Based on the MR mechanism and vibration-damping theory of vehicle suspension, a novel MR hydro-pneumatic spring with two-way damping force controllability for vehicles has beenwas designed. Mechanical principle of this MR prototype is was discussed with MR valve. Considering the compressibility of liquid and gas, squeezing strengthening effect of MR fluid and local loss, the theoretical models of output damping force and elastic force are were derived. The effects of Mechanical mechanical variations ,with piston length, gap width and gas pressure, with on output mechanical properties were have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed based on the derived model. Comparing with the measured results of the experimental prototype, the proposed theoretical models can precisely describe the mechanical performance under various excitations. The output force increases with the increasing increase the of excitation amplitude, frequency and the applied currents. These findings provide the theory and hardware base for optimization design of MR hydro-pneumatic spring for vehicles.

Based on the research background of twin rotor actuator, a single drive twin rotor actuator active control device is proposed in this paper, which is mainly composed of mass block, space transmission gear group, motor and controller. The centrifugal force generated when the rotor is driven by the gear is used as the active control force to reduce the structural vibration. Compared with the traditional active mass damper, this design not only does not need to consider the linear travel limit of the guide rail, but also solves the problem that the motor in the dual drive twin rotor actuator is difficult to synchronize through structural optimization, and realizes more efficient and stable vibration control. In order to study the vibration damping performance of the single drive twin rotor actuator, firstly, the mechanical model of the single drive twin rotor actuator system, the single degree of freedom structure and the state equation of the single driven twin rotor actuator are established based on the mechanical analysis of Lagrange equation. Secondly, a controller combining pole assignment method and Super-Twisting Sliding mode control algorithm is designed for vibration reduction of single drive twin rotor actuator system, and the control parameters contained in the controller are optimized based on the improved Dung beetle optimization algorithm. Compared with other control algorithms, the proposed method not only enables easier acquisition of controller parameters but also eliminates tedious trial-and-error tuning, thereby streamlining practical engineering im-plementation. Finally, the stability of the system is proved by the Lyapunov function, and the feasibility and effec-tiveness of the Super-Twisting sliding mode control algorithm based on the single drive twin rotor actuator system are verified by the simulation experiments.

Due to the long lead time and high cost for the preparation of rubber isolator prototypes and impact performance testing, simulation analysis is needed to evaluate the feasibility of the design or selection of structure and material before the preparation of prototypes. Referring to the drop impact test method of isolator, a finite element model for impact performance simulation analysis of vibration isolators is established in LS-DYNA, and the Mooney-Rivlin-Maxwell model is chosen as the rubber visco-hyperelastic constitutive model. In order to obtain the parameters of the constitutive model of the rubber material under the impact condition, the rubber material used in the isolator is made into a sphere, and the impact test and finite element simulation analysis of the rubber sphere and steel plate are carried out. A generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is established, and the optimized GRNN model and test data are used to predict the parameters of the constitutive model of rubber material. Carry out the impact simulation and analysis of rubber isolator, the simulation is close to the test results, and the established finite element simulation and analysis model can be used to evaluate the impact performance of the isolator, which provides a reference method to carry out the simulation and analysis of the impact performance of rubber isolators and the acquisition of the parameters of the constitutive model of rubber material under the impact condition.

In order to establish a seismic design method for the buckling-restrained braced reinforced concrete (BRB-RC) frame structures based on resilience, the quantitative index of resilience level was introduced, the classification of the seismic resilience level of the building was established, the calculation assumption based on functional loss to control the resilience index was proposed. A quantitative relationship of multi-level functional loss of the building was established, and the method to control component damage and engineering demand parameters based on building function loss was proposed. According to the working mechanism for BRB-RC frame, the design method based on resilience was determined, and the design process was established. The design method was applied to the seismic design of a 5-story BRB-RC frame structure and the nonlinear dynamic analyses of the structure subjected to large earthquake were performed. The analysis results show that the inter-story drift ratio and inter-story shear force distribution of the structure meet the design requirements, and the proposed method can achieve the expected seismic resilience target. 

Because of the large scale of the project, high efficiency, and to a certain extent can save the production cost of mining and stripping, cast blasting has been favored by the open pit mining industry in the United States, Australia and other developed countries. By combing and analyzing the development history of cast blasting technology in open-pit mines at home and abroad, the production characteristics of cast blasting technology are defined. The factors influencing the blasting quality in open-pit coal mine are analyzed from the aspects of strong controllable, weak controllable and uncontrollable, and the applicability conditions of the cast blasting technology in open-pit mining are also analyzed. Based on the theory of plane charge method and blasting seismic effect, the rock blasting mechanism of blasting technology is deeply analyzed, the four stages of rock throwing after explosive initiation and the evolution characteristics of rock strata are defined, and the seismic response characteristics of blasting technology are analyzed and summarized. Taking Heidaigou open-pit mine as an example, the application status of cast blasting technology is described in detail, the operation flow of cast blasting technology application is systematically analyzed, the internal structure and operation mechanism of cast blasting and dragline stripping technology is analyzed, and the bottleneck problems existing in the application of cast blasting technology are analyzed and summarized. Aiming at the intelligent transformation and upgrading of projectile blasting technology, the whole system process of cast blasting engineering, such as transparent geological information, intelligent blasting design, fine blasting construction, informatization of safety management, and precision blasting effect, is analyzed and refined respectively, from the aspects of disciplinary support, technical support and problems to be solved. The knowledge system and intelligent system architecture of cast blasting technology are constructed, the research trend of cast blasting technology in the future is proposed, and the applicability of cast blasting technology in other open-pit coal mines in china is analyzed. The research results can provide reference and basis for the upgrading and transformation of blasting engineering technology in other industries.

Masonry pagodas are important cultural heritage buildings,with a relatively large number of existing examples and distinguished by their unique structural forms and the relatively large number of existing examples. Due to their high aspect ratios and relatively low shear strength, these pagodas exhibit notable dynamic responses under seismic actions, making them highly susceptible to damage. This study examines the The structural features of these pagodas were examined in this study, summarizing the patterns of seismic damage in various structural forms were summarized. It compiles and analyzes The formulas for calculating the natural vibration periods of these structures were compiled and analyzed and compares the results of in-situ dynamic tests were compared. Focusing on key issues related to damage identification, dynamic response, damage mechanisms, and vibration control, the analysis highlights highlighted the fundamental patterns of seismic response in masonry ancient pagodas and the mechanical mechanisms of seismic damage formation and control. By integrating research on damage identification, this study also analyzes the basic characteristics of dynamic responses were also analyzed obtained from shaking table tests and numerical analyses, and summarizing the variations in seismic responses of the pagodas were summarized. Analyzing the damage modes of masonry ancient pagodas under seismic actions, this study examines the seismic damage mechanisms of the pagodas, organizes existing reliability assessment methods, clarifies the influence of foundation soil on the seismic response of the pagoda structure, and identifies key issues in the restoration and seismic control of ancient pagodas. Based on the failure mode of masonry pagodas under seismic action, the seismic failure mechanism of the pagodas was analyzed, the existing reliability evaluation methods were sorted out, the influence of foundation soil on the seismic response of the pagoda structure was clarified, and the key issues of restoration and seismic reduction control of thepagodas were identified. This work provides valuable insights for the seismic research and performance enhancement of masonry ancient pagodas.

The dynamic impact problem under moving load is closely related to bridge design, operation and maintenance, and involves the economy and service safety of bridge structure construction. At present, many studies mainly focus on the dynamic amplification of vehicle crossing the bridge, and the dynamic amplification coefficient of a single vehicle crossing the bridge is often not equal to the dynamic load coefficient used in the design stage of the bridge. Based on the numerical simulation of the dynamic response of the vehicle-bridge-pier coupling system model, the definition and calculation method of the bridge impact factor (BIF) were given. Aiming at a high-pier and long-span girder bridge, the BIF calculation and influencing factors were studied, and the influence of speed limit and pavement roughness on BIF was analyzed. The results show that BIF is an inherent characteristic parameter related to the bridge state, which is closely related to the allowable load, limited speed and pavement smoothness of the bridge. BIF increases with the increase of the speed limit, but when the speed limit exceeds the most unfavorable speed, BIF remains unchanged. Road roughness has a more significant effect on BIF, and BIF is further amplified with the increase of road roughness. When the bridge deck deteriorates, bridge deck pavement repair or speed limit can be implemented to ensure that the BIF is within the allowable range. This study reveals the value and evolution law of bridge BIF, which can provide guidance and reference for the design and operation and maintenance management of the same type of bridge.

The unique river valley terrain of Beichuan old county town is one of the main reasons for it being the area most severely affected by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, indicating that local irregular terrain significantly affects seismic wave propagation and spectral characteristics. In order to investigate the seismic ground motion effects of the valley site on this area in depth, taking the Jianjiang river valley in Beichuan old county town as the study area. Based on regional geological investigation and drilling, two nearly parallel river-oriented profiles are laid out along the left side of the Jianjiang river valley for microtremor testing. The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method is used, combined with field geological investigation and drilling results, to comprehensively analyze the valley terrain effects of Beichuan old county town. The research results show (1) Significant amplification effects of the Jianjiang river valley site, with the predominant frequencies of the Jianjiang river valley soil layer concentrated between 3.89-12.11 Hz, and corresponding peak amplification factors ranging from 2.12-7.26. (2) Most of the H/V spectral ratio curves of the pulsating points exhibit bimodal or multimodal shapes, indicating the existence of two or more wave impedance interfaces at different depths underground. The amplification factors of the points near the river line (Line II) are almost all greater than those near the mountain line (Line I), and the predominant frequencies of the soil layer are almost all lower than those of Line I points. Both lines have impedance boundaries slightly larger around 0.8 Hz and larger around 8 Hz. (3) Integrating the microtremor data with the actual drilling data, a preliminary depth-frequency relationship of the valley area is established. The research results not only provide a reference for the seismic damage research of Beichuan old county town but also accumulate basic data for the in-depth study of valley site effects.

The number of components and fault types of the shore bridge gearbox is large, and the fault data is difficult to obtain, and its diagnosis faces the problem of small sample and multiple classification. To address the above problems, a fault diagnosis method based on frequency domain vibration image (FDVI) and conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (CDDPM) is proposed. Firstly, the obtained vibration signals are transformed into images using the FDVI method, fully characterizing the characteristic information of vibration signals for each fault. Then, the CDDPM is used to expand the small sample data, and the labeling information is input to the model to control the generation of fault sample categories, while skip-layer sampling is used to accelerate the sample generation speed. Input the expanded sample set into a convolutional neural network classifier for training to improve the classifier's performance in diagnosing multi class faults with small samples. The small-sample diagnostic experiments on the 17 faults in the CWRU dataset and the 29 faults in the shore bridge scaling experimental platform dataset show that: after the sample expansion, the fault recognition rate of the CWRU dataset is increased from 89.86% to 99.30%; the fault recognition rate of the shore bridge dataset is increased from 68.63% to 99.30%. The above analysis shows that the proposed method can accomplish the task of multi-class fault diagnosis for shore bridge gearboxes under small sample conditions.

The Fast Iterative Shrinkage Threshold algorithm based on Fast Fourier transform (FFT-FISTA) has high computational efficiency, as it ignores the spatial variation of the point spread function and the winding error, resulting in the loss of sound source recognition performance. The improved algorithm takes the output of function beamforming as the iterative input of FFT-FISTA algorithm, establishes a linear equation system of function beamforming, sound source distribution and rising power spatial transfer invariant point spread function, and solves it iteratively based on the fast Fourier transform under the periodic boundary condition. The calculated non-periodic function is changed into a periodic function, which solves the problem of wavenumber leakage caused by the zero-filling boundary, which can improve the accuracy of the operation and further improve the imaging performance. The main lobe of the point spread function is sharpened by exponential operation, and the applicability of the assumption of spatial transfer invariance of the point spread function is expanded. The simulation and experimental results show that, compared with the conventional FFT-FISTA algorithm, the improved algorithm can improve the spatial resolution and dynamic range of the imaging, and expand the effective imaging area of the FFT-FISTA algorithm, and the experimental results of compressed gas leakage verify the effectiveness of the improved algorithm. 

The health monitoring of bridge structures is crucial in ensuring traffic safety, extending service life, and improving operational and maintenance efficiency. However, the existing bridge monitoring methods still require improvements in measurement performance, cost, and efficiency. To address this, research is conducted on the application of a novel non-contact microwave full-field vibration measurement method for lightweight bridge monitoring. The hardware architecture of the microwave full-field vibration measurement system is outlined, along with the sensing principles of full-field multi-target recognition and vibration displacement extraction. Leveraging the advantages of microwave full-field vibration measurement, a lightweight bridge monitoring method is established from three aspects: equipment, sensing, and data. A microwave-based measurement technique for multi-span deflection and multi-cable tension in the full field of the bridge is proposed. A linear slide vibration measurement experiment was conducted under different conditions to verify the effectiveness of microwave full-field vibration measurement in suppressing multi-target coupling interference compared to traditional microwave vibration measurement technology. An outdoor dynamic response test was carried out on a tied-arch bridge, where multi-point deflection changes and cable force distribution of the bridge were measured and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently and accurately measure bridge deflections and cable forces, providing a new technical approach and perspective for lightweight bridge health monitoring. A comparative experiment was conducted between the microwave vibrometer and traditional accelerometer for measuring cable fundamental frequencies, further validating the accuracy of the proposed method.

The MS 6.2 Jishishan earthquake, which occurred near Qinghai Province, caused significant seismic damage to buildings in many counties, affecting rural buildings in particular. The results indicate that rural buildings with wooden and brick (or earth)-wood structures experienced greater damage compare with those with masonry and reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures. In wooden structures, the cooperative deformation between wooden frames and rammed earth walls or brick walls is poor. The pressure from the walls can easily cause splitting, pull-out-tenoning, and even complete de-tenoning at the mortise and tenon joints of the wooden frames. In some brick (or earth)-wood structures, the connection between the wooden roofs and the load-bearing walls is inadequate, posing the risk of roof displacement and collapse. A small number of brick-concrete and RC frame structures also suffered significant earthquake damage due to inadequate design and poor construction quality. Additionally, the site selection for rural buildings requires careful consideration to avoid the impact of potential secondary disasters. Based on this investigation and historical seismic data, several recommendations were put forward regarding standard formulation, structural system optimization, construction quality improvement, non-structural element enhancement, and location selection. These suggestions aim to guide the seismic design and repair of rural buildings in the Qinghai earthquake region and beyond. 

Gas turbines have important applications in the fields of industrial power generation, aviation and navigation, and national defense equipment.As one of the core components of gas turbines, the rotor system directly affects the performance, reliability, and service life of the whole machine.The use of equivalent models of gas turbine shaft systems can accelerate the dynamic solution process.An engineering equivalent reduced modeling method for gas turbine rotor systems was proposed in this article based on strain energy equivalence theory, combining similar design theory to obtain a scaled rotor model with similar dynamic characteristics to the prototype.The modal characteristics of the shaft system were calculated and dynamic acceleration tests were carried out to verify the accuracy of the engineering equivalent reduced modeling method.The results indicate that the deviation of the first three natural frequencies of the established engineering equivalent model from the prototype is less than 3.71%, and the deviation of the first two critical speeds is less than 3.8%.The proposed rotor engineering equivalent modeling method has broad application prospects in the dynamic design of new gas turbine structures.

The dominant flutter mode of long-span suspension bridges varies with the erection stage of the main girder.This study investigates the mode transition during construction and its impact on aeroelastic stability.A 2 300 m-span suspension bridge with a closed-box girder was analyzed through free and forced vibration wind tunnel tests on segmental models at different erection stages.Critical flutter wind speeds and flutter derivatives were obtained.A double-mode coupled analytical method was employed to evaluate flutter performance throughout the erection process.The results indicate that before 58% of the main girder is erected, flutter is governed by symmetric mode combinations.During the transition stage from 58% to 66% erection, the dominant flutter modes gradually shift from symmetric to antisymmetric combinations.After 66% erection, flutter is controlled by antisymmetric mode combinations.The transition is caused by a rapid decline in aerodynamic damping of the antisymmetric mode.At the transition, the phase difference of antisymmetric motion drops sharply, vertical motion lags behind torsion, torsional energy contribution decreases, mode coupling intensifies, and aerodynamic energy dissipation increases.

As a key space structure in geostationary orbit, large ring-column antenna satellite is tasked with providing high-speed information transmission and stable communication service in this orbit. This requires satellites having precise orbit maintenance and attitude control capabilities. Due to such satellites typically having larger masses and special structural designs, here, the high-precision orbit prediction algorithm was used to finely model and analyze effects of key space environmental factors of non-spherical perturbations, solar pressure and 3-body perturbation on space operation of such satellites. Furthermore, referring to the design concept of formation-flying gravity field measurement satellites, a distributed full thrust control strategy based on thruster layout optimization for such satellites was proposed. Then, an improved explicit model predictive control algorithm was proposed based on Laguerre function to convert device capability limitations and performance requirements into input-output constraints, combine multi-parameter quadratic programming, and realize attitude-orbit integrated control of large ring-column antenna satellites. The simulation results showed that during stable operation, position maintenance errors of such satellites can be controlled within a meter-level range, and attitude angle errors are better than 0.03°; the computational efficiency of the proposed control algorithm is significantly higher than that of the standard model predictive control algorithm and Laguerre function-based model predictive control algorithm; the hardware memory occupied is much lower than that of the explicit model predictive control algorithm. Through theoretical analysis and numerical verification, it was shown that this study can provide an effective solving scheme for full thruster integrated control of large ring-column antenna satellites in complex space environment using onboard computers with limited computing power.

Explosive stress wave propagating in the rock cavity will occur scattering and dynamic stress concentration, which will affect the blasting effect. In order to investigate the dynamic response of the rock cavity surface under the effect of blast load, based on the explosion dynamics theory, the theoretical solution of the dynamic stress field on the surface of the rock cavity is obtained, and the effects of the radius of the cavity, the spacing between the blast source and the cavity, and the frequency of the incident wave on the distribution of the dynamic stress around the rock cavity are investigated. The results show that the dynamic stress factor δθθ and δϕϕ are symmetric about the XOY plane at the boundary of the cavity in the explosion stress field, and their maximum values are biased toward the explosion source. The dynamic stress factor δθθ curve is “petal-like”, and δθθ reaches the maximum value of 2.62 at θ=±72.19°, while the dynamic stress factor δϕϕ curve is “gourd-like”, and its maximum value occurs at θ=180°. The dynamic stress factor peak 2, peak 5 and peak 3 increase with the increase of the radius of the cavity, and the peak 1 and peak 4 gradually decrease. With the increase of R0, the peak 2, peak 5 and peak 3 show a gradual decrease trend, and gradually tend to be stabilized after R0>12m. The dynamic stress factor peak 1 and peak 3 show a gradual decrease trend, and gradually tend to be stabilized after R0>12m. The dynamic stress factor peak 1 and peak 4 increase first and then decrease with the increase in incident wave frequency, while the peak values 2, 3 and 5 continue to increase. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of engineering blasting parameters.

The inerter is a kind of acceleration-related control element at both ends. It has the characteristics of apparent mass amplification, energy dissipation and efficiency enhancement, which can be more efficient and economical for structural vibration control. The characteristics of apparent mass increase of inerter are extended to the tuned damping device to achieve lightweight vibration control. In order to study the lightweight vibration control effect of the rotational inertia double tuned mass damper ( RIDTMD ) on the high-rise structure, the equivalent simplified model is obtained by the inverse method of flexibility method. The reliability of the equivalent model is verified by structural modal analysis and time history analysis. The mechanical model and motion equation of the multi-degree-of-freedom structure with additional RIDTMD are established. The parameters of RIDTMD were determined by H2 optimization and the value interval of given mass and damping parameters. RIDTMD is designed on a 51-story frame-core tube structure, and its structural responses such as floor displacement, acceleration and inter-story displacement angle under seismic excitation are analyzed. The results of frequency domain and time history analysis show that the H2 optimization design with TMD control effect as the goal can make RIDTMD have similar vibration control effect as TMD. Compared with the uncontrolled structure, the peak displacement and root mean square displacement of the top floor can be reduced by 18 % and 32.9 % respectively, and the tuning mass of RIDTMD is 30 % lower than that of TMD.

In structural strength design of ships, water entry slamming load receives great attention. Here, using computational fluid dynamics-finite element method (CFD-FEM) bidirectional coupling numerical method, the fluid-structure interaction problem of an elastic wedge  under gravity entering water in different flow field environments was studied. Firstly, taking wedge slamming in still water as an example, simulation results were compared with experimental ones to verify the correctness of CFD-FEM. Then, slamming loads, structural responses and flow field changes of elastic wedges with different water entry velocities and bottom oblique angles were analyzed when entering water in different flow field environments of still water, flow and waves. The results showed that water entry slamming of wedge  in still water is consistent with experimental results of model, so the numerical simulation has the reliability and feasibility;under action of uniform flow, when a wedge  enters water, due to wall reflection of structure to incoming flow, the flow velocity near wedge  is different from that far away from incoming flow to generate a pressure difference,  bottom of wedge  shifts to direction of incoming flow;when entering water at different wave positions, model equilibrium position is in direction of wave velocity, as the relative slamming velocity between wave and wedge  increases, the generated slamming load is larger than that in still water, high stress zone is mainly concentrated at wedge  bottom and weld position;the study results can provide a guidance for ship structure design and water entry slamming study.

Clunk noise caused by torque ripple under transient operating conditions is one of the main vibration and noise problems of IWM (in-wheel motor) drive systems. Large torque ripple may cause torsional vibration in the drive transmission system, seriously affecting ride comfort and safety. Therefore, conducting research on Clunk noise of IWM drive systems is of great engineering significance for improving the NVH performance of the system. The driving system of the inner rotor permanent magnet synchronous IWM is taken as the research object, and the mechanism of Clunk noise generation during vehicle testing is analyzed. Through bench testing, it was found that the impact vibration between teeth caused by the cogging torque of the motor is the main cause of Clunk noise. A multi-body dynamics analysis model of the IWM drive system was established based on Masta software, and the effectiveness of the model was verified through experimental data conclusions. The influence of various parameters on Clunk noise was analyzed using the control variable method. Through the analysis of key parameter influencing factors, it was found that motor speed and cogging torque have a significant impact on Clunk noise. A control scheme was proposed to suppress Clunk noise by reducing torque ripple caused by cogging torque. By optimizing the rotor skewed pole and injecting harmonic current, the torque fluctuation can be reduced from 3.8Nm to 0.24Nm, achieving the effect of improving the sound quality of Clunk noise. After optimizing the NVH test of the sample, the Clunk noise level was significantly reduced, and the subjective evaluation was acceptable. Solved practical engineering problems and improved the NVH performance of the wheel hub motor-driven transmission system.