Bolt looseness of a transmission tower under transverse vibration load

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Journal of Vibration and Shock ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6) : 28-37.

VIBRATION THEORY AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

Bolt looseness of a transmission tower under transverse vibration load

GAO Fan1，REN Yaning1，LI Junkuo1，ZHOU Wanzhi*2，ZHANG Dachang2

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Abstract

Transmission lines are subjected to dynamic loads such as wind loads, conductor vibrations, and dancing for a long time, resulting in loss of bolt preload or even loosening, which seriously affects the safety of transmission towers and lines.The joints of the tower are usually connected by bolts, which bear the shear force and lateral vibration load.However, relevant codes only specify that the tightening torque of bolts should achieve the purpose of tightening and preventing loosening, and other factors that affect the anti-loosening characteristics are often ignored, which may affect the long-term tightening state and daily operation and maintenance of bolts.Transverse vibration tests were conducted on 6.8 grade M16 rough high-strength bolts commonly used in transmission towers, and the effects of different frequencies, amplitudes, and torques on the bolt preload and fastening characteristics were studied.Then, a simulation analysis of the anti-loosening characteristics of bolts under transverse vibration load was carried out, and the results were compared and verified with the test results and specifications.The bolt deformation and thread area stress under transverse vibration state, as well as the bolt loosening law under different initial preloads were investigated.The results show that the decline curve of preload can be divided into two stages: rapid decrease and steady decrease.When the transverse vibration frequency is lower, the amplitude is larger, and the torque is smaller, the bolt is more likely to loosen.Under transverse vibration load, the stress distribution in the threaded area is uneven, with an overall trapezoidal distribution.Furthermore, the stress distribution of the thread gradually decreases from the screw section towards the free end, and the maximum stress point moves from the middle position to both sides.The higher the preload, the better the anti-loosening performance.Therefore, it can be seen that the preload force corresponding to the torque method specified in the code is relatively low.It is recommended to use preload force control and take 0.5 to 0.6 times the yield tightening axial force.

Key words

bolt connection / transverse vibration test / release characteristic / numerical simulation / thread stress

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GAO Fan1, REN Yaning1, LI Junkuo1, ZHOU Wanzhi2, ZHANG Dachang2. Bolt looseness of a transmission tower under transverse vibration load[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2025, 44(6): 28-37

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