Double of the freedom of a quarter vehicle vibration model is adopted to establish the vehicle-the vibration model on the simulation model of random excitation time domain. At the same time based on fractional order derivative asphalt mixture viscoelastic model, the asphalt pavement structure 2D finite element model is established, and through the vehicle and the pavement between geometry and mechanics coupling relationship, fractional order dynamic state equation of vehicles-the pavement coupling systems is deduced, solving the dynamic response. Based on this numerical value of the interaction of vehicle-the asphalt pavement coupled system was analyzed. Analysis shows that, through the dynamic modulus experiments, the fractional order derivative three components of asphalt mixture model to describe the dynamic viscoelastic can be adopted to simulate the numerical, this is more close to the dynamic response of the actual pavement structure; Pavement roughness determines the size of the random dynamic load, the road surface level will increase the move lower deformation, and will accelerate the development of road surface unevenness and pavement damage, so we should control the road surface roughness and construction quality, strengthen the pavement maintenance.