Based on the coupling algorithm of finite element method (FEM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics method (SPH), the dynamic model of projectile-barrel coupling system was established. The numerical simulation of engraving process of projectile of heavy caliber gun was performed, which made up for the deficiencies of FEM which couldn’t simulate the large deformation of bearing band effectively and simulated the plastic flow of bearing band in the engraving process of projectile, and based on which, the stress and strain changing regular pattern of bearing band was intensively studied. The influences of initial loading angle of projectile, gap between tube and projectile and projectile not arriving the assign position on dynamic responses of projectile in engraving process were analyzed. As a result of comparing, the deformations of bearing bend in simulation and live firing have well consistency.