In order to study the vibration and transmission characteristics of the continuous welded rail under the temperature force, a solid element model of rail was established based on the finite element method. The vertical and lateral harmonic loads from 0-2 000 Hz were applied to the rail respectively, and the vertical and lateral vibration and the transmission characteristics of the rail under different temperature force were analyzed in frequency domain. Results show that with the increasing of the rail temperature, both the vertical resonance frequency and the pinnedpinned resonance frequency of the rail were reduced, as well as the resonance amplitude. Less than 300 Hz, which is the resonance frequency of the rail, the vibration attenuation of the rail is the fastest. The higher the vibration frequency of the rail, the farther away it transmits along the direction of the track line. No matter temperature rises or drops, the attenuation of vertical resonance would slow down. In addition, with the increasing of the rail temperature, the lateral resonance frequency of the rail reduces but the lateral resonance amplitude increases. Compared with the vertical vibration transmission, the temperature force has less influence on the transverse vibration transmission, which has a great influence on the bending vibration transmission in the transverse direction below 135 Hz.