Trapezoidal bolt connections serve as the primary joining method for equipment compartment skirts, base plates, and other components in high-speed railway (HSR) trainsets. However, during service, these bolts are subjected to prolonged exposure to severe vibration loads and alternating high and low temperature environments, leading to easy loosening and potential fatigue fractures. This poses risks and challenges to the reliable operation of HSR trains. To address this issue, an accurate finite element model of trapezoidal bolt connections has been established to simulate lateral, longitudinal, bending, and torsional vibrations, as well as alternating temperature loads. This model analyzes the loosening behavior of trapezoidal bolts under the individual and combined effects of these vibrations and alternating temperature loads. Furthermore, it systematically investigates the influence of initial preload, friction coefficient, and material of the clamped components on bolt loosening under lateral vibration conditions. The research findings indicate that lateral vibration is the primary load form causing trapezoidal bolt loosening, bending vibration can only lead to bolt loosening in specific circumstances, while longitudinal vibration, torsional vibration, and alternating temperature loads hardly cause loosening. Furthermore, the effects of vibration and alternating temperature loads are independent of each other. Moreover, the effects of vibration and alternating temperature loads are independent of each other. Compared to ordinary thread and pipe thread structures, trapezoidal bolt connections exhibit slightly inferior locking performance but demonstrate a 30% reduction in stress concentration under the same conditions. This will significantly enhance the load-bearing capacity and fatigue resistance of trapezoidal bolt connections.
Key words
high-speed railway /
trapezoidal thread /
vibration /
alternating temperature /
loosening
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