Metal Material Extrusion (MME) technology, using a mixture of metal particles and polymer binders as materials, is one of the additive manufacturing techniques producing pure metal parts through shaping, debinding and sintering processes (S-D-S). This paper aims to systematically study the impact resistance performance of 17-4PH stainless steel parts fabricated by Metal Material Extrusion (MME) to address the lack of attention given to this property in existing research. Six groups of specimens were prepared, and their impact resistance was evaluated using Charpy impact tests. The experiments investigated the effects of forming direction, infill angle, extrusion temperature, bed temperature, and forming speed on the impact absorption energy of the specimens. The results indicated that, at a 45° infill angle, the edge-oriented specimens exhibited the highest impact resistance, followed by the horizontally-oriented specimens, with the vertically-oriented ones performing the worst. At a 0° infill angle, the horizontally-oriented specimens demonstrated the best performance. Moreover, increasing extrusion temperature and bed temperature while reducing forming speed significantly improved the impact resistance of the specimens. The findings provide theoretical support for optimizing MME forming parameters and expand its potential applications in scenarios requiring impact load resistance.